Open Badges Assessment

Candidate Final Public
Spec Version 2.0

Candidate Final Public

Document Version:	1.0
Date Issued:	July 8th, 2025
Status:	This document is for review and adoption by the 1EdTech membership.
This version:	https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v2p0/
Latest version:	https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/latest/
Errata:	https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v2p0/errata/

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Abstract

An extension to Open Badges that allows issuers to define assessment(s) related to the award process.

This section is non-normative.

This extension provides information about single or multiple assessments that would be completed by the recipient as part of the requirements for earning an OpenBadge. There could be multiple assessments of different types for each badge earned. Separate, independent evaluations of a single assessment could result in multiple assessment/evaluation records, all included in a single instance of the extension. Please note that this extension is in draft mode and may not be ready for production.

This section is non-normative.

Describe an assessment so a potential recipient understands the process.
Describe assessment(s) so badge consumers better know what recipients did to earn the badge.
Include explicit application information to build an automated application form for the badge.

Note: New in OB v3.0

New in Open Badges 3.0 is the ability to include a rubric for an Achievement with multiple criterion in the form of ResultDescription. The adaptation of this extension to this new version implies the limitation of defining only one rubric and rubric criterion per assessment.

ResultDescription, with the new type AssessmentResultDescription

The terminology used in this document is consistent with the terminology established in the Open Badges 3.0 specification [OB-30].

As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

The key words MAY, MUST, MUST NOT, OPTIONAL, RECOMMENDED, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD, and SHOULD NOT in this document $are to be interpreted as described in $[object Object].

An implementation of this specification that fails to implement a MUST/REQUIRED/SHALL requirement or fails to abide by a MUST NOT/SHALL NOT prohibition is considered nonconformant. SHOULD/SHOULD NOT/RECOMMENDED statements constitute a best practice. Ignoring a best practice does not violate conformance but a decision to disregard such guidance should be carefully considered. MAY/OPTIONAL statements indicate that implementers are entirely free to choose whether or not to implement the option.

JSON Schema: The JSON Schema defines the syntactical restrictions of this extension: https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v2p0/schema.
JSON-LD Context: The JSON-LD context defines mappings for the terms used in this specification to their canonical IRIs: https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v2p0/context.
Errata: The errata details any erratum registered for this version of this specification since its publication [OB-ASSMT-20-ERRATA].

This extension has a more deeply nested data structure than many other available extensions. At the top level is a very simple AssessmentExtension object that contains an overall description and one or more detailed assessment descriptors.

ResultDescription extension with assessment information

Property	Type	Description	Multiplicity
description	`String`	Description of the single assessment.	[1]
assessmentType	`AssesmentTypeEnum`	Assessment type.	[1]
assessmentOutput	`String`	This field provides additional details about assessment type. Values for assessmentOutput are expected to be words or phrases that describe the key features of the evidence that are produced in earning the badge.	[1]
hasGroupParticipation	`Boolean`	Completing the assessment activity being referenced requires two or more participants.	[1]
hasGroupEvaluation	`Boolean`	Participants in the assessment activity being referenced are scored as a group.	[1]
evaluationMethod	`String`	Information about how the assessment is scored. What do the scores represent in a range of scores? If a rubric was used, what are the score ranges for each criteria?.	[0..1]
assessmentExample	`URI`	An example based on the assessment type.	[0..1]
scoringMethodExampleDescription	`String`	The text of an example of the method or tool used to score the assessment.	[0..1]
assessmentEvaluation	`URI`	Link to studies or other information about research or calculations of reliability and validity for the assessment or the scoring methods.	[0..1]
sections	`Section`	A listing of sections, each with questions, that make up the assessment. Typically included if the issuer wishes to make available applications for the badge.	[0..*]

Property	Type	Description	Multiplicity
type	`IRI`	MUST be the IRI 'Section'.	[1]
title	`String`	The name of the section.	[1]
description	`String`	A short description of the section.	[1]
questions	`Question`	The questions that make up this section.	[0..*]
required	`String`	Indicates whether this section is considered to be required for completion of the assessment. Default: true.	[0..1]
url	`URI`	An external URL that represents this section.	[0..1]
rubricCriterionLevelId	`IRI`	A listing of RubricCriterionLevel identifiers related to this section	[0..*]

Property	Type	Description	Multiplicity
type	`IRI`	The type of question. One of the following type identifiers defined in the extension context: 'ExternalQuestion', 'FileQuestion' or 'TextQuestion'.	[1]
text	`String`	The actual text of the question.	[1]
required	`String`	Indicates whether this question is considered to be required for completion of the section. Default: true.	[0..1]
wordLimit	`NonNegativeInteger`	For TextQuestions, specifies a maximum length in words that may be enforced as a suggestion or requirement, depending on the application.	[0..1]
characterLimit	`NonNegativeInteger`	For TextQuestions, specifies a maximum length in characters that may be enforced as a suggestion or requirement, depending on the application.	[0..1]
url	`URI`	An external URL that represents this question.	[0..1]
rubricCriterionLevelId	`IRI`	A listing of RubricCriterionLevel identifiers related to this question	[0..*]

The type of assessment.

Term	Description
Exam
Performance
Artifact

The derived types in this section are shared by all 1EdTech specifications.

Type	Description
IRI	A `NormalizedString` that represents an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), which extends the ASCII characters subset of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
Term	A term in an enumeration. The lexical constraints are the same as for `Token`.
URI	A `NormalizedString` that respresents a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).

The primitive types in this section are shared by all 1EdTech specifications.

Type	Description
Boolean	A boolean, expressed as `true` or `false`
Namespace	A namespace data type for defining data from a context other than that as the default for the data model. This is used for importing other data models.
NonNegativeInteger
NormalizedString	A `String` conforming to the `normalizedString` definition in [XMLSCHEMA-2].
String	Character strings.

Example 1: Sample OpenBadgeCredential with Assessment extension

Credential
Verifiable Credential (with proof)
Verifiable Credential (as JWT)

{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/credentials/v2",
        "https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob/v3p0/context-3.0.1.json",
        "https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v2p0/context/"
    ],
    "id": "http://example.com/credentials/3527",
    "type": ["VerifiableCredential", "OpenBadgeCredential"],
    "issuer": {
        "id": "https://example.com/issuers/876543",
        "type": ["Profile"],
        "name": "Example Corp"
    },
    "validFrom": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z",
    "name": "Teamwork Badge",
    "credentialSubject": {
        "id": "did:example:ebfeb1f712ebc6f1c276e12ec21",
        "type": ["AchievementSubject"],
        "achievement": {
        "id": "https://example.com/achievements/21st-century-skills/teamwork",
        "type": ["Achievement"],
        "criteria": {
            "narrative": "Team members are nominated for this badge by their peers and recognized upon review by Example Corp management."
        },
        "description": "This badge recognizes the development of the capacity to collaborate within a group environment.",
        "name": "Teamwork",
        "resultDescription": [
            {
            "id": "urn:uuid:f6ab24cd-86e8-4eaf-b8c6-ded74e8fd41c",
            "type": ["ResultDescription", "AssessmentResultDescription"],
            "alignment": [
                {
                "type": ["Alignment"],
                "targetCode": "project",
                "targetDescription": "Project description",
                "targetName": "Final Project",
                "targetFramework": "1EdTech University Program and Course Catalog",
                "targetType": "CFItem",
                "targetUrl": "https://1edtech.edu/catalog/degree/project"
                }
            ],
            "allowedValue": ["D", "C", "B", "A"],
            "name": "Final Project Grade",
            "requiredValue": "C",
            "resultType": "LetterGrade",
            "description": "The assessment presents a hypertension scenario with simulated lab results. It is administered to pathophysiology students in an undergraduate nursing program. Completing the assessment requires analytical writing describing and justifying the diagnoses and eliminating alternative diagnoses. See the Pathology of High Blood Pressure assignment and the hypertension scenario used for this assessment.",
            "assessmentType": "Artifact",
            "assessmentOutput": "Written responses to the questions posed in the hypertension scenario",
            "hasGroupParticipation": false,
            "hasGroupEvaluation": false,
            "evaluationMethod": "No studies have been done on reliability or validity but the hypertension scenario is consistent with scenarios encountered in nursing clinical practice.",
            "assessmentExample": "http://placeholderurl.com",
            "scoringMethodExampleDescription": "Placeholder text",
            "assessmentEvaluation": "http://placeholderurl.com"
            },
            {
            "id": "urn:uuid:a70ddc6a-4c4a-4bd8-8277-cb97c79f40c5",
            "type": ["ResultDescription", "AssessmentResultDescription"],
            "alignment": [
                {
                "type": ["Alignment"],
                "targetCode": "project",
                "targetDescription": "Project description",
                "targetName": "Final Project",
                "targetFramework": "1EdTech University Program and Course Catalog",
                "targetType": "CFItem",
                "targetUrl": "https://1edtech.edu/catalog/degree/project"
                }
            ],
            "allowedValue": ["D", "C", "B", "A"],
            "name": "Final Project Grade",
            "requiredLevel": "urn:uuid:d05a0867-d0ad-4b03-bdb5-28fb5d2aab7a",
            "resultType": "RubricCriterionLevel",
            "rubricCriterionLevel": [
                {
                "id": "urn:uuid:d05a0867-d0ad-4b03-bdb5-28fb5d2aab7a",
                "type": ["RubricCriterionLevel"],
                "alignment": [
                    {
                    "type": ["Alignment"],
                    "targetCode": "project",
                    "targetDescription": "Project description",
                    "targetName": "Final Project",
                    "targetFramework": "1EdTech University Program and Course Catalog",
                    "targetType": "CFRubricCriterionLevel",
                    "targetUrl": "https://1edtech.edu/catalog/degree/project/rubric/levels/mastered"
                    }
                ],
                "level": "Mastered",
                "name": "Mastery",
                "points": "4",
                "description": "The assessment presents a hypertension scenario with simulated lab results. It is administered to pathophysiology students in an undergraduate nursing program. Completing the assessment requires analytical writing describing and justifying the diagnoses and eliminating alternative diagnoses. See the Pathology of High Blood Pressure assignment and the hypertension scenario used for this assessment."
                },
                {
                "id": "urn:uuid:6b84b429-31ee-4dac-9d20-e5c55881f80e",
                "type": ["RubricCriterionLevel"],
                "alignment": [
                    {
                    "type": ["Alignment"],
                    "targetCode": "project",
                    "targetDescription": "Project description",
                    "targetName": "Final Project",
                    "targetFramework": "1EdTech University Program and Course Catalog",
                    "targetType": "CFRubricCriterionLevel",
                    "targetUrl": "https://1edtech.edu/catalog/degree/project/rubric/levels/basic"
                    }
                ],
                "level": "Basic",
                "name": "Basic",
                "points": "4"
                }
            ],
            "description": "The assessment presents a hypertension scenario with simulated lab results. It is administered to pathophysiology students in an undergraduate nursing program. Completing the assessment requires analytical writing describing and justifying the diagnoses and eliminating alternative diagnoses. See the Pathology of High Blood Pressure assignment and the hypertension scenario used for this assessment.",
            "assessmentType": "Artifact",
            "assessmentOutput": "Written responses to the questions posed in the hypertension scenario",
            "hasGroupParticipation": false,
            "hasGroupEvaluation": false,
            "evaluationMethod": "No studies have been done on reliability or validity but the hypertension scenario is consistent with scenarios encountered in nursing clinical practice.",
            "assessmentExample": "http://placeholderurl.com",
            "scoringMethodExampleDescription": "Placeholder text",
            "assessmentEvaluation": "http://placeholderurl.com"
            }
        ]
        }
    },
    "credentialSchema": [
        {
        "id": "https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob/v3p0/schema/json/ob_v3p0_achievementcredential_schema.json",
        "type": "1EdTechJsonSchemaValidator2019"
        },
        {
        "id": "http://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v3p0/schema/",
        "type": "1EdTechJsonSchemaValidator2019"
        }
    ]
}

undefined

---------------- JWT header ---------------
{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "typ": "JWT",
  "jwk": {
    "e": "AQAB",
    "kty": "RSA",
    "n": "liTxxruEYKhxqTtGpzG4BcwGSWmbwTWQrqSzS9uAFD6jow3IwXpjMZ7D_QcIJZ0rHGo6H-
dfzy57TQGOzsXnBXurqE81EKLHYmr0m95fNJk-7tggrl6KmAZktelhIk-IrdI495T6wOqOPOQEF59nyz
xaDO_B6wuMueUZtWLYCWpWizKcOBlxwMva6bDsWuf-klXiNAIWEWhRFjX4u-8Pr_OgRvq6VMtI_Kxdxn
ufZAgLSkJ8UZwoBlY5koywPPLK6MhBsUEhn9qG0n3jwvghSTVdxceTqaAYzwWrXwcNA5d0dUEXw9kNE5
AHW4XvDxrO3Dsy6M1UDEXTnw5dvzg-FQ"
  }
}
--------------- JWT payload ---------------
// NOTE: The example below uses a valid VC-JWT serialization
//       that duplicates the iss, nbf, jti, and sub fields in the
//       Verifiable Credential (vc) field.
{
  "@context": [
    "https://www.w3.org/ns/credentials/v2",
    "https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob/v3p0/context-3.0.1.json",
    "https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v2p0/context/"
  ],
  "id": "http://example.com/credentials/3527",
  "type": [
    "VerifiableCredential",
    "OpenBadgeCredential"
  ],
  "issuer": {
    "id": "https://example.com/issuers/876543",
    "type": [
      "Profile"
    ],
    "name": "Example Corp"
  },
  "validFrom": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z",
  "name": "Teamwork Badge",
  "credentialSubject": {
    "id": "did:example:ebfeb1f712ebc6f1c276e12ec21",
    "type": [
      "AchievementSubject"
    ],
    "achievement": {
      "id": "https://example.com/achievements/21st-century-skills/teamwork",
      "type": [
        "Achievement"
      ],
      "criteria": {
        "narrative": "Team members are nominated for this badge by their peers a
nd recognized upon review by Example Corp management."
      },
      "description": "This badge recognizes the development of the capacity to c
ollaborate within a group environment.",
      "name": "Teamwork",
      "resultDescription": [
        {
          "id": "urn:uuid:f6ab24cd-86e8-4eaf-b8c6-ded74e8fd41c",
          "type": [
            "ResultDescription",
            "AssessmentResultDescription"
          ],
          "alignment": [
            {
              "type": [
                "Alignment"
              ],
              "targetCode": "project",
              "targetDescription": "Project description",
              "targetName": "Final Project",
              "targetFramework": "1EdTech University Program and Course Catalog"
,
              "targetType": "CFItem",
              "targetUrl": "https://1edtech.edu/catalog/degree/project"
            }
          ],
          "allowedValue": [
            "D",
            "C",
            "B",
            "A"
          ],
          "name": "Final Project Grade",
          "requiredValue": "C",
          "resultType": "LetterGrade",
          "description": "The assessment presents a hypertension scenario with s
imulated lab results. It is administered to pathophysiology students in an under
graduate nursing program. Completing the assessment requires analytical writing 
describing and justifying the diagnoses and eliminating alternative diagnoses. S
ee the Pathology of High Blood Pressure assignment and the hypertension scenario
 used for this assessment.",
          "assessmentType": "Artifact",
          "assessmentOutput": "Written responses to the questions posed in the h
ypertension scenario",
          "hasGroupParticipation": false,
          "hasGroupEvaluation": false,
          "evaluationMethod": "No studies have been done on reliability or valid
ity but the hypertension scenario is consistent with scenarios encountered in nu
rsing clinical practice.",
          "assessmentExample": "http://placeholderurl.com",
          "scoringMethodExampleDescription": "Placeholder text",
          "assessmentEvaluation": "http://placeholderurl.com"
        },
        {
          "id": "urn:uuid:a70ddc6a-4c4a-4bd8-8277-cb97c79f40c5",
          "type": [
            "ResultDescription",
            "AssessmentResultDescription"
          ],
          "alignment": [
            {
              "type": [
                "Alignment"
              ],
              "targetCode": "project",
              "targetDescription": "Project description",
              "targetName": "Final Project",
              "targetFramework": "1EdTech University Program and Course Catalog"
,
              "targetType": "CFItem",
              "targetUrl": "https://1edtech.edu/catalog/degree/project"
            }
          ],
          "allowedValue": [
            "D",
            "C",
            "B",
            "A"
          ],
          "name": "Final Project Grade",
          "requiredLevel": "urn:uuid:d05a0867-d0ad-4b03-bdb5-28fb5d2aab7a",
          "resultType": "RubricCriterionLevel",
          "rubricCriterionLevel": [
            {
              "id": "urn:uuid:d05a0867-d0ad-4b03-bdb5-28fb5d2aab7a",
              "type": [
                "RubricCriterionLevel"
              ],
              "alignment": [
                {
                  "type": [
                    "Alignment"
                  ],
                  "targetCode": "project",
                  "targetDescription": "Project description",
                  "targetName": "Final Project",
                  "targetFramework": "1EdTech University Program and Course Cata
log",
                  "targetType": "CFRubricCriterionLevel",
                  "targetUrl": "https://1edtech.edu/catalog/degree/project/rubri
c/levels/mastered"
                }
              ],
              "level": "Mastered",
              "name": "Mastery",
              "points": "4",
              "description": "The assessment presents a hypertension scenario wi
th simulated lab results. It is administered to pathophysiology students in an u
ndergraduate nursing program. Completing the assessment requires analytical writ
ing describing and justifying the diagnoses and eliminating alternative diagnose
s. See the Pathology of High Blood Pressure assignment and the hypertension scen
ario used for this assessment."
            },
            {
              "id": "urn:uuid:6b84b429-31ee-4dac-9d20-e5c55881f80e",
              "type": [
                "RubricCriterionLevel"
              ],
              "alignment": [
                {
                  "type": [
                    "Alignment"
                  ],
                  "targetCode": "project",
                  "targetDescription": "Project description",
                  "targetName": "Final Project",
                  "targetFramework": "1EdTech University Program and Course Cata
log",
                  "targetType": "CFRubricCriterionLevel",
                  "targetUrl": "https://1edtech.edu/catalog/degree/project/rubri
c/levels/basic"
                }
              ],
              "level": "Basic",
              "name": "Basic",
              "points": "4"
            }
          ],
          "description": "The assessment presents a hypertension scenario with s
imulated lab results. It is administered to pathophysiology students in an under
graduate nursing program. Completing the assessment requires analytical writing 
describing and justifying the diagnoses and eliminating alternative diagnoses. S
ee the Pathology of High Blood Pressure assignment and the hypertension scenario
 used for this assessment.",
          "assessmentType": "Artifact",
          "assessmentOutput": "Written responses to the questions posed in the h
ypertension scenario",
          "hasGroupParticipation": false,
          "hasGroupEvaluation": false,
          "evaluationMethod": "No studies have been done on reliability or valid
ity but the hypertension scenario is consistent with scenarios encountered in nu
rsing clinical practice.",
          "assessmentExample": "http://placeholderurl.com",
          "scoringMethodExampleDescription": "Placeholder text",
          "assessmentEvaluation": "http://placeholderurl.com"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "credentialSchema": [
    {
      "id": "https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob/v3p0/schema/json/ob_v3p0_achieve
mentcredential_schema.json",
      "type": "1EdTechJsonSchemaValidator2019"
    },
    {
      "id": "http://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v3p0/schema/",
      "type": "1EdTechJsonSchemaValidator2019"
    }
  ],
  "iss": "https://example.com/issuers/876543",
  "jti": "http://example.com/credentials/3527",
  "sub": "did:example:ebfeb1f712ebc6f1c276e12ec21"
}
--------------- JWT ---------------
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImp3ayI6eyJlIjoiQVFBQiIsImt0eSI6IlJTQSIsIm4i
OiJsaVR4eHJ1RVlLaHhxVHRHcHpHNEJjd0dTV21id1RXUXJxU3pTOXVBRkQ2am93M0l3WHBqTVo3RF9R
Y0lKWjBySEdvNkgtZGZ6eTU3VFFHT3pzWG5CWHVycUU4MUVLTEhZbXIwbTk1Zk5Kay03dGdncmw2S21B
Wmt0ZWxoSWstSXJkSTQ5NVQ2d09xT1BPUUVGNTlueXp4YURPX0I2d3VNdWVVWnRXTFlDV3BXaXpLY09C
bHh3TXZhNmJEc1d1Zi1rbFhpTkFJV0VXaFJGalg0dS04UHJfT2dSdnE2Vk10SV9LeGR4bnVmWkFnTFNr
SjhVWndvQmxZNWtveXdQUExLNk1oQnNVRWhuOXFHMG4zand2Z2hTVFZkeGNlVHFhQVl6d1dyWHdjTkE1
ZDBkVUVYdzlrTkU1QUhXNFh2RHhyTzNEc3k2TTFVREVYVG53NWR2emctRlEifX0.eyJAY29udGV4dCI6
WyJodHRwczovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvbnMvY3JlZGVudGlhbHMvdjIiLCJodHRwczovL3B1cmwuaW1zZ2xv
YmFsLm9yZy9zcGVjL29iL3YzcDAvY29udGV4dC0zLjAuMS5qc29uIiwiaHR0cHM6Ly9wdXJsLmltc2ds
b2JhbC5vcmcvc3BlYy9vYi1hc3Nlc3NtZW50L3YycDAvY29udGV4dC8iXSwiaWQiOiJodHRwOi8vZXhh
bXBsZS5jb20vY3JlZGVudGlhbHMvMzUyNyIsInR5cGUiOlsiVmVyaWZpYWJsZUNyZWRlbnRpYWwiLCJP
cGVuQmFkZ2VDcmVkZW50aWFsIl0sImlzc3VlciI6eyJpZCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vZXhhbXBsZS5jb20vaXNz
dWVycy84NzY1NDMiLCJ0eXBlIjpbIlByb2ZpbGUiXSwibmFtZSI6IkV4YW1wbGUgQ29ycCJ9LCJ2YWxp
ZEZyb20iOiIyMDEwLTAxLTAxVDAwOjAwOjAwWiIsIm5hbWUiOiJUZWFtd29yayBCYWRnZSIsImNyZWRl
bnRpYWxTdWJqZWN0Ijp7ImlkIjoiZGlkOmV4YW1wbGU6ZWJmZWIxZjcxMmViYzZmMWMyNzZlMTJlYzIx
IiwidHlwZSI6WyJBY2hpZXZlbWVudFN1YmplY3QiXSwiYWNoaWV2ZW1lbnQiOnsiaWQiOiJodHRwczov
L2V4YW1wbGUuY29tL2FjaGlldmVtZW50cy8yMXN0LWNlbnR1cnktc2tpbGxzL3RlYW13b3JrIiwidHlw
ZSI6WyJBY2hpZXZlbWVudCJdLCJjcml0ZXJpYSI6eyJuYXJyYXRpdmUiOiJUZWFtIG1lbWJlcnMgYXJl
IG5vbWluYXRlZCBmb3IgdGhpcyBiYWRnZSBieSB0aGVpciBwZWVycyBhbmQgcmVjb2duaXplZCB1cG9u
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{
  "@context": {
    "@protected": true,
    "id": "@id",
    "type": "@type",
    "extensions": "https://w3id.org/openbadges/extensions#",
    "schema": "http://schema.org/",
    "AssessmentResultDescription": {
      "@id": "https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/vc/ob/vocab.html#AssessmentResultDescription",
      "@context": {
        "schema": "http://schema.org/",
        "Artifact": "extensions:AssessmentExtensionArtifact",
        "Exam": "extensions:AssessmentExtensionExam",
        "ExternalQuestion": "extensions:AssessmentExtensionExternalQuestion",
        "FileQuestion": "extensions:AssessmentExtensionFileQuestion",
        "Performance": "extensions:AssessmentExtensionPerformance",
        "TextQuestion": "extensions:AssessmentExtensionTextQuestion",
        "assessmentEvaluation": "extensions:assessmentEvaluation",
        "assessmentType": "extensions:assessmentType",
        "assessmentExample": "extensions:assessmentExample",
        "assessmentOutput": "extensions:assessmentOutput",
        "characterLimit": "extensions:assessmentCharacterLimit",
        "evaluationMethod": "extensions:assessmentEvaluationMethod",
        "hasGroupEvaluation": "extensions:assessmentHasGroupEvaluation",
        "hasGroupParticipation": "extensions:assessmentHasGroupParticipation",
        "questions": "extensions:assessmentQuestions",
        "sections": "extensions:assessmentSections",
        "scoringMethodExampleDescription": "extensions:assessmentScoringMethodExampleDescription",
        "text": "schema:text",
        "wordLimit": "extensions:assessmentWordLimit"
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/schema#",
  "$id": "https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assmt/v2p0/schema/json/ob-assmt_v2p0_achievementcredential-jsonschema1.json",
  "title": "JSON Schema for the AchievementCredential class.",
  "description": "No description supplied.",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "credentialSubject": {
      "$ref": "#/$defs/AchievementSubject"
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "credentialSubject"
  ],
  "additionalProperties": true,
  "$defs": {
    "AchievementSubject": {
      "description": "No description supplied.",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "achievement": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Achievement"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "achievement"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": true
    },
    "Achievement": {
      "description": "No description supplied.",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "resultDescription": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/AssessmentResultDescription"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": true
    },
    "AssessmentResultDescription": {
      "description": "ResultDescription extension with assessment information",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "description": {
          "description": "Description of the single assessment.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "assessmentType": {
          "description": "Assessment type.",
          "$comment": "Origin: AssesmentTypeEnum (Enum); The type of assessment.",
          "type": "string",
          "enum": [
            "Exam",
            "Performance",
            "Artifact"
          ]
        },
        "assessmentOutput": {
          "description": "This field provides additional details about assessment type. Values for assessmentOutput are expected to be words or phrases that describe the key features of the evidence that are produced in earning the badge.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "hasGroupParticipation": {
          "description": "Completing the assessment activity being referenced requires two or more participants.",
          "$comment": "Origin: Boolean (PrimitiveType); A boolean, expressed as `true` or `false`",
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        "hasGroupEvaluation": {
          "description": "Participants in the assessment activity being referenced are scored as a group.",
          "$comment": "Origin: Boolean (PrimitiveType); A boolean, expressed as `true` or `false`",
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        "evaluationMethod": {
          "description": "Information about how the assessment is scored. What do the scores represent in a range of scores? If a rubric was used, what are the score ranges for each criteria?.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "assessmentExample": {
          "description": "An example based on the assessment type.",
          "$comment": "Origin: URI (DerivedType); A `NormalizedString` that respresents a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "scoringMethodExampleDescription": {
          "description": "The text of an example of the method or tool used to score the assessment.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "assessmentEvaluation": {
          "description": "Link to studies or other information about research or calculations of reliability and validity for the assessment or the scoring methods.",
          "$comment": "Origin: URI (DerivedType); A `NormalizedString` that respresents a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "sections": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/Section"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "description",
        "assessmentType",
        "assessmentOutput",
        "hasGroupParticipation",
        "hasGroupEvaluation"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Section": {
      "description": "No description supplied.",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "type": {
          "description": "MUST be the IRI 'Section'.",
          "$comment": "Origin: IRI (DerivedType); A `NormalizedString` that represents an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), which extends the ASCII characters subset of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "title": {
          "description": "The name of the section.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "description": {
          "description": "A short description of the section.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "questions": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/Question"
          }
        },
        "required": {
          "description": "Indicates whether this section is considered to be required for completion of the assessment. Default: true.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "url": {
          "description": "An external URL that represents this section.",
          "$comment": "Origin: URI (DerivedType); A `NormalizedString` that respresents a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "rubricCriterionLevelId": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "description": "A listing of RubricCriterionLevel identifiers related to this section",
            "$comment": "Origin: IRI (DerivedType); A `NormalizedString` that represents an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), which extends the ASCII characters subset of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).",
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "type",
        "title",
        "description"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Question": {
      "description": "No description supplied.",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "type": {
          "description": "The type of question. One of the following type identifiers defined in the extension context: 'ExternalQuestion', 'FileQuestion' or 'TextQuestion'.",
          "$comment": "Origin: IRI (DerivedType); A `NormalizedString` that represents an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), which extends the ASCII characters subset of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "text": {
          "description": "The actual text of the question.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "required": {
          "description": "Indicates whether this question is considered to be required for completion of the section. Default: true.",
          "$comment": "Origin: String (PrimitiveType); Character strings.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "wordLimit": {
          "description": "For TextQuestions, specifies a maximum length in words that may be enforced as a suggestion or requirement, depending on the application.",
          "$comment": "Origin: NonNegativeInteger (PrimitiveType)",
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "characterLimit": {
          "description": "For TextQuestions, specifies a maximum length in characters that may be enforced as a suggestion or requirement, depending on the application.",
          "$comment": "Origin: NonNegativeInteger (PrimitiveType)",
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "url": {
          "description": "An external URL that represents this question.",
          "$comment": "Origin: URI (DerivedType); A `NormalizedString` that respresents a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "rubricCriterionLevelId": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "description": "A listing of RubricCriterionLevel identifiers related to this question",
            "$comment": "Origin: IRI (DerivedType); A `NormalizedString` that represents an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), which extends the ASCII characters subset of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).",
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "type",
        "text"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    }
  }
}

This section is non-normative.

Version No.	Release Date	Comments
Working Document 1.0	July 24th, 2024	Initial proof of concept.
Candidate Final Public 1.0	July 8th, 2025	Candidate Final Public version.

[OB-30]: Open Badges Specification v3.0. 1EdTech. 1EdTech Final Release. URL: https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/ob/v3p0/
[OB-ASSMT-20-ERRATA]: Open Badges Asessment Extension v2.0: Errata. URL: https://www.imsglobal.org/spec/ob-assessment/v2p0/errata/
[RFC2119]: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119
[XMLSCHEMA-2]: XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. Paul V. Biron; Ashok Malhotra. W3C. 28 October 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/

The following individuals contributed to the development of this document:

Name	Organization	Role
Nate Otto	Skybridge Skills	Invited Expert
Justin Pitcher	Anthology	Co-chair, OB
Xavi Aracil	1Edtech	Editor
Rob Coyle	1Edtech	Editor

Open Badges Assessment

Open Badges Assessment Extension

IPR and Distribution Notice

Abstract

1. Overview

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Use cases

1.3 Extendable Badge Objects

1.4 Terminology

1.5 Conformance Statements

1.6 Document Set

1.6.1 Normative Documents

2. Data Model

2.1 Data Models

2.1.1 AssessmentResultDescription

2.1.2 Section

2.1.3 Question

3. Enumerations

3.1 AssesmentTypeEnum Enumeration

4. Derived Types

5. Primitive Types

A. Examples

B. Schema

B.1 Context

B.2 Open Badges Assessment Extension JSON Schema

B.2.1 JSON Schema

B.2.2 AchievementCredential

C. Revision History

C.1 Version History

D. References

D.1 Normative references

E. List of Contributors

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Open Badges Assessment

Abstract

1. Overview

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Use cases

1.3 Extendable Badge Objects

1.4 Terminology

1.5 Conformance Statements

1.6 Document Set

1.6.1 Normative Documents

2. Data Model

2.1 Data Models

2.1.1 AssessmentResultDescription

2.1.2 Section

2.1.3 Question

3. Enumerations

3.1 AssesmentTypeEnum Enumeration

4. Derived Types

5. Primitive Types

A. Examples

B. Schema

B.1 Context

B.2 Open Badges Assessment Extension JSON Schema

B.2.1 JSON Schema

B.2.2 AchievementCredential

C. Revision History

C.1 Version History

D. References

D.1 Normative references

E. List of Contributors