Global Access for All (AfA) Personal Needs and Preferences (PNP) Information Model

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Document Name: IMS Global Access for All (AfA) Personal Needs and Preferences (PNP) Information Model v3.0

Executive Summary

The Access For All Specification (AfA) is intended to promote an inclusive user experience by enabling the matching of the characteristics of resources to the needs and preferences of individual users. The AfA specification consists of a common language for describing:

The AfA PNP specification is intended to meet the needs of learners with disabilities and of anyone in a disabling context. The purpose of the AfA PNP Specification is to provide a machine-readable method of stating user needs and preferences with respect to digitally based education or learning. The AfA PNP specification can be used independently, for example to deliver the required or desired user interface to the user, or in combination with the AfADRD [AfADRD, 21] to deliver digital resources that meet a user's needs and preferences.

List of Figures

List of Tables

Table 3.1 Description of the "access-for-all-pnp" root attribute.

Table 3.2 Description of the "access-for-all-pnp-records" root attribute.

Table 4.1 AccessForAllPNP class definitions

Table 4.1.1 Description of the "access-mode-required" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.2 Description of the "adaptation-type-required" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.3 Description of the "at-interoperable" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.4 Description of the "educational-complexity-of-adaptation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.5 Description of the "hazard-avoidance" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.6 Description of the "input-requirements" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.7 Description of the "language-of-adaptation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.8 Description of the "language-of-interface" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.9 Description of the "adaptation-detail-required" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.10 Description of the "adaptation-media-required" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.11 Description of the "educational-level-of-adaptation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.12 Description of the "linguistic-guidance" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.13 Description of the "keyword-emphasis" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.14 Description of the "keyword-translation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.15 Description of the "simplified-language-portions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.16 Description of the "simplified-graphics" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.17 Description of the "item-translation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.18 Description of the "sign-language" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.19 Description of the "encouragement" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.20 Description of the "additional-testing-time" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.21 Description of the "line-reader" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.22 Description of the "invert-display-polarity" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.23 Description of the "magnification" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.24 Description of the "spoken" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.25 Description of the "tactile" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.26 Description of the "braille" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.27 Description of the "answer-masking" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.28 Description of the "keyboard-directions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.29 Description of the "additional-directions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.30 Description of the "long-description" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.31 Description of the "captions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.32 Description of the "environment" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.33 Description of the "transcript" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.34 Description of the "alternative-text" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.35 Description of the "audio-description" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.36 Description of the "high-contrast" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.37 Description of the "layout-single-column" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.38 Description of the "text-appearance" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.39 Description of the "calculator-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.40 Description of the "dictionary-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.41 Description of the "glossary-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.42 Description of the "thesaurus-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.43 Description of the "homophone-checker-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.44 Description of the "note-taking-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.45 Description of the "visual-organizer-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.46 Description of the "outliner-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.47 Description of the "peer-interaction-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.48 Description of the "spell-checker-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.49 Description of the "activate-at-initialization-set" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.50 Description of the "activate-as-option-set" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.51 Description of the "prohibit-set" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.1.52 Description of the "extensions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" class

Table 4.2 AccessForAllPNPRecords class definitions

Table 4.2.1 Description of the "access-for-all-pnp-record" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNPRecords" class

Table 5.1 AccessForAllPNPRecord class definitions

Table 5.1.1 Description of the "person-sourced-id" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNPRecord" class

Table 5.1.2 Description of the "appointment-id" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNPRecord" class

Table 5.1.3 Description of the "access-for-all-pnp" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNPRecord" class

Table 5.2 AccessModeRequired class definitions

Table 5.2.1 Description of the "existing-access-mode" attribute for the "AccessModeRequired" class

Table 5.2.2 Description of the "adaptation-request" attribute for the "AccessModeRequired" class

Table 5.3 AdaptationDetailRequired class definitions

Table 5.3.1 Description of the "existing-access-mode" attribute for the "AdaptationDetailRequired" class

Table 5.3.2 Description of the "adaptation-request" attribute for the "AdaptationDetailRequired" class

Table 5.4 AdaptationMediaRequired class definitions

Table 5.4.1 Description of the "existing-access-mode" attribute for the "AdaptationMediaRequired" class

Table 5.4.2 Description of the "adaptation-request" attribute for the "AdaptationMediaRequired" class

Table 5.5 AdaptationTypeRequired class definitions

Table 5.5.1 Description of the "existing-access-mode" attribute for the "AdaptationTypeRequired" class

Table 5.5.2 Description of the "adaptation-request" attribute for the "AdaptationTypeRequired" class

Table 5.6 AdditionalTestingTime class definitions

Table 5.6.1 Description of the "time-multiplier" attribute for the "AdditionalTestingTime" class

Table 5.6.2 Description of the "fixed-minutes" attribute for the "AdditionalTestingTime" class

Table 5.6.3 Description of the "unlimited" attribute for the "AdditionalTestingTime" class

Table 5.7 Braille class definitions

Table 5.7.1 Description of the "language" characteristic for the "Braille" class

Table 5.7.2 Description of the "delivery-mode" attribute for the "Braille" class

Table 5.7.3 Description of the "grade" attribute for the "Braille" class

Table 5.7.4 Description of the "braille-type" attribute for the "Braille" class

Table 5.7.5 Description of the "math-type" attribute for the "Braille" class

Table 5.8 Environment class definitions

Table 5.8.1 Description of the "description" attribute for the "Environment" class

Table 5.8.2 Description of the "medical" attribute for the "Environment" class

Table 5.8.3 Description of the "software" attribute for the "Environment" class

Table 5.8.4 Description of the "hardware" attribute for the "Environment" class

Table 5.8.5 Description of the "breaks" attribute for the "Environment" class

Table 5.9 FeatureSet class definitions

Table 5.9.1 Description of the "linguistic-guidance" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.2 Description of the "keyword-emphasis" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.3 Description of the "keyword-translation" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.4 Description of the "simplified-language-portions" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.5 Description of the "simplified-graphics" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.6 Description of the "item-translation" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.7 Description of the "sign-language" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.8 Description of the "encouragement" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.9 Description of the "additional-testing-time" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.10 Description of the "line-reader" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.11 Description of the "invert-display-polarity" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.12 Description of the "magnification" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.13 Description of the "spoken" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.14 Description of the "tactile" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.15 Description of the "braille" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.16 Description of the "answer-masking" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.17 Description of the "keyboard-directions" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.18 Description of the "additional-directions" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.19 Description of the "long-description" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.20 Description of the "captions" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.21 Description of the "transcript" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.22 Description of the "alternative-text" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.23 Description of the "audio-description" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.24 Description of the "high-contrast" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.25 Description of the "input-requirements" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.26 Description of the "language-of-interface" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.27 Description of the "layout-single-column" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.28 Description of the "text-appearance" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.29 Description of the "calculator-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.30 Description of the "dictionary-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.31 Description of the "glossary-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.32 Description of the "thesaurus-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.33 Description of the "homophone-checker-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.34 Description of the "note-taking-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.35 Description of the "visual-organizer-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.36 Description of the "outliner-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.37 Description of the "peer-interaction-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.38 Description of the "spell-checker-on-screen" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.9.39 Description of the "extensions" attribute for the "FeatureSet" class

Table 5.10 FontFace class definitions

Table 5.10.1 Description of the "font-name" attribute for the "FontFace" class

Table 5.10.2 Description of the "generic-font-face" attribute for the "FontFace" class

Table 5.11 InvertDisplayPolarity class definitions

Table 5.11.1 Description of the "foreground" characteristic for the "InvertDisplayPolarity" class

Table 5.11.2 Description of the "background" characteristic for the "InvertDisplayPolarity" class

Table 5.12 LanguageMode class definitions

Table 5.12.1 Description of the "language" characteristic for the "LanguageMode" class

Table 5.13 LineReader class definitions

Table 5.13.1 Description of the "highlight-color" characteristic for the "LineReader" class

Table 5.14 LongDescription class definitions

Table 5.14.1 Description of the "hide-visually" characteristic for the "LongDescription" class

Table 5.15 Magnification class definitions

Table 5.15.1 Description of the "all-content" attribute for the "Magnification" class

Table 5.15.2 Description of the "selectMagnification" attribute for the "Magnification" class

Table 5.16 ReplacesAccessMode class definitions

Table 5.16.1 Description of the "replace-access-mode-auditory" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.2 Description of the "replace-access-mode-color" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.3 Description of the "replace-access-mode-item-size" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.4 Description of the "replace-access-mode-olfactory" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.5 Description of the "replace-access-mode-orientation" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.6 Description of the "replace-access-mode-position" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.7 Description of the "replace-access-mode-tactile" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.8 Description of the "replace-access-mode-text-on-image" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.9 Description of the "replace-access-mode-textual" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.16.10 Description of the "replace-access-mode-visual" attribute for the "ReplacesAccessMode" class

Table 5.17 Spoken class definitions

Table 5.17.1 Description of the "reading-type" attribute for the "Spoken" class

Table 5.17.2 Description of the "restriction-type" attribute for the "Spoken" class

Table 5.17.3 Description of the "speech-rate" attribute for the "Spoken" class

Table 5.17.4 Description of the "pitch" attribute for the "Spoken" class

Table 5.17.5 Description of the "volume" attribute for the "Spoken" class

Table 5.17.6 Description of the "link-indication" attribute for the "Spoken" class

Table 5.17.7 Description of the "typing-echo" attribute for the "Spoken" class

Table 5.18 TextAppearance class definitions

Table 5.18.1 Description of the "background-color" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.2 Description of the "font-color" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.3 Description of the "font-size" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.4 Description of the "font-face" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.5 Description of the "line-spacing" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.6 Description of the "line-height" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.7 Description of the "letter-spacing" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.8 Description of the "uniform-font-sizing" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.9 Description of the "word-spacing" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 5.18.10 Description of the "word-wrapping" attribute for the "TextAppearance" class

Table 6.1 SelectMagnification class definitions

Table 6.1.1 Description of the "text" attribute for the "SelectMagnification" class

Table 6.1.2 Description of the "non-text" attribute for the "SelectMagnification" class

Table 7.1 Calculator class definitions

Table 7.1.1 Description of the "calculator-type" characteristic for the "Calculator" class

Table 7.2 ExtensionString class definitions

Table 7.2.1 Description of the "pattern" attribute for the "ExtensionString" class

Table 7.3 Hex class definitions

Table 7.3.1 Description of the "pattern" attribute for the "Hex" class

Table 7.4 PersonSourcedId class definitions

Table 7.4.1 Description of the "source-system" characteristic for the "PersonSourcedId" class

Table 7.5 Volume class definitions

Table 7.5.1 Description of the "maxInclusive" attribute for the "Volume" class

Table 7.6 ZoomAmount class definitions

Table 7.6.1 Description of the "zoom-amount" characteristic for the "ZoomAmount" class

Table 8.1 AccessModeValue class description

Table 8.2 AdaptationDetailValue class description

Table 8.3 AdaptationMediaTypeValue class description

Table 8.4 AdaptationTypeValue class description

Table 8.5 BrailleType class description

Table 8.6 CalculatorType class description

Table 8.7 ControlFlexibilityValue class description

Table 8.8 EducationalComplexityValue class description

Table 8.9 HazardValue class description

Table 8.10 MathType class description

Table 8.11 RestrictionType class description

Table 9.1 AccessModeEnum class definitions

Table 9.2 AdaptationDetailEnum class definitions

Table 9.3 AdaptationMediaTypeEnum class definitions

Table 9.4 AdaptationTypeEnum class definitions

Table 9.5 BrailleTypeEnum class definitions

Table 9.6 CalculatorTypeEnum class definitions

Table 9.7 ControlFexibilityEnum class definitions

Table 9.8 DeliveryModeEnum class definitions

Table 9.9 EducationalComplexityEnum class definitions

Table 9.10 FontFaceEnum class definitions

Table 9.11 GradeEnum class definitions

Table 9.12 HazardVocabulary class definitions

Table 9.13 LinkIndicationEnum class definitions

Table 9.14 MathTypeEnum class definitions

Table 9.15 ReadingTypeEnum class definitions

Table 9.16 RestrictionTypeEnum class definitions

Table 9.17 TypingEchoEnum class definitions

Table A1.1 The key to the descriptions of data model diagrams

Table A1.2 The key to the descriptions of the data class tables

Table A1.3 The key to the descriptions of the data attribute/characteristic tables

Table A1.4 The key to the descriptions of the enumerated vocabulary tables

Table A1.5 The key to the descriptions of the external vocabulary tables

Table A1.6 The key to the descriptions of the import class tables

1. Introduction

1.1. Scope and Context

This part of the Access For All specification provides a common language for describing the learner or user needs and preferences when accessing digitally delivered resources or services. This description is one side of a pair of descriptions used in matching user needs and preferences with digital delivery.

The AfA PNP specification is intended to meet the needs of learners with disabilities and of anyone in a disabling context. The purpose of the AfA PNP Specification is to provide a machine-readable method of stating user needs and preferences with respect to digitally based education or learning. The AfA PNP specification can be used independently, for example to deliver the required or desired user interface to the user, or in combination with the Access for All Specification Digital Resource Description [AfADRD, 21] to deliver digital resources that meet a user's needs and preferences.

This information model is defined using the IMS Model Driven Specification approach that uses the associated toolkit. The XSD binding for this information model, which is auto-generated from the same model that produced the documentation for the information model, is available in [AfAPNP, 21].

1.2. Conventions

All sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams (with the exception of the UML diagrams), examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119]. This means that from the perspective of conformance:

The Conformance and Certification Guide for this specification may introduce greater normative constraints than those defined here for specific service or implementation categories.

The SHOULD/SHOULD NOT/RECOMMENDED statements MUST NOT be used in any document, or section of a document, that is responsible for defining the information model and/or the associated bindings and/or conformance and certification.

1.3. Structure of this Document

1.4. Compability with AfA PNP 2.0 and APIP

The information models for AfA PNP v2.0 and v3.0 have many similarities but there are many differences. There is no backwards compatibility between versions 2 and 3.

This release of the specification (3.0) is designed to provide a very simple but extensible model and encourage early adoption and implementation. It was initially modelled using a semantic web approach then described using UML to support a particular class of implementations. The range of properties or attributes modelled and their representation is much simpler than in Access For All 2.0 in order to better support those properties identified as important by early adopters of previous versions. As such backwards compatibility with Access For All 2.0 has not been provided for as the team considered it important to establish a simpler way to represent the properties. A number of the properties in Access for All 3.0 have semantic equivalents in AfA2 that could be mapped to their AfA3 versions.

This version 2.0 of the AfA PNP v3.0 Public Candidate Final document has been created to integrate the extensions to the AFA PNP v2.0 (which are manifest as an XSD that extends the base AfA PNP 2.0 XSD) required by the Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) 1.0 specification such that a single AfA PNP specification is available.

1.5. Nomenclature

2. Access for All Personal Needs and Preferences

2.1. Functional Approach

The information collected as an AfA PNP description is associated with the user's functional abilities and the assistive technology or other non-standard technology in use as well as other user needs and preferences (a functional approach), rather than with the name and other details of a human impairment (a medical approach). If the structure were based on information about users' impairments, it would still need to address their functional abilities at some stage, as it is this information that is needed by learning systems to adapt content and navigation. A medical approach would exclude many of the details that the system would require. One example would be a user with a learning disability: because learning disabilities are so varied that classification does not capture the range of options that can be offered in a functional description. Another example would be the needs and preferences of a blind user: knowing that a user is blind (the medical terminology of the impairment) does not indicate whether or not they can read Braille or whether they need output to a Braille display or to a screen reader with speech; only a functional approach can do this. Many users with disabilities and users with alternate needs and preferences will require the user interface to be compatible with the assistive or non-standard technology that they use, so for them AfA PNP are specific to the hardware and software used.

2.2. Creating a Personal Needs and Preferences Statement

The Access For All Personal Needs and Preferences (PNP) description can be created in a variety of ways. The most likely way is through an interactive form ('wizard') that presents a number of questions to the user and, given responses to the questions, generates the description. This application may be integrated into a content management system or offered as a stand-alone application. Once a person has a PNP, they should be able to change, expand, replace, or completely remove their user needs and preferences statement as needed. They should also be able to create multiple PNPs in order to have a convenient way to switch between several sets of needs and preferences for different situations e.g. at home, school, or in a quiet or noisy place. They should also be able to move their PNPs to new systems or new situations for reuse.

2.3. Multiple Contexts

A learner may have one or more defined sets of needs and preferences. Multiple sets are necessary because a learner's needs and preferences may vary according to the learning context. Changing requirements may be caused by changes to their environment (for example, a home system may have different technologies installed from one at school) and/or other factors (for example, needs may vary later in the day as fatigue increases, or with specific disciplines such as science versus literature).

2.4. Generic versus Application Specific

In general, any application within a particular class of alternative access systems will share some subset of functionality. For example, screen readers, in general, allow the users to set the rate at which text is read. In addition to this subset of common or generic functionality, many vendors add features that are unique to their application

AfA PNP statements identify and separate these generic settings for different classes of alternative access systems, and provide a vendor-neutral way for users to state their needs and preferences for these settings. These generic settings are applicable to any application within the class. As well, the PNP provides a mechanism for vendors to define their own application-specific settings, (which may not be applicable to other vendors' applications) and for the user to request them.

3. Root Attribute Descriptions

3.1 "access-for-all-pnp" Root Attribute Description

Table 3.1 Description of the "access-for-all-pnp" root attribute.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	access-for-all-pnp
Data Type	AccessForAllPNP
Description	The AfA PNP single user instance root. All bindings must use this as the root name for the corresponding single PNP instance. An instance must contain only one such root.

3.2 "access-for-all-pnp-records" Root Attribute Description

Table 3.2 Description of the "access-for-all-pnp-records" root attribute.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	access-for-all-pnp-records
Data Type	AccessForAllPNPRecords
Description	The AfA PNP Records instance root i.e. the root for the exchange of more than one AfA PNP descripton. This defines a wrapper for each AfA PNP instance with the set of wrappers sent in the single record instance.

4. Root Class Descriptions

4.1 AccessForAllPNP Root Class Description

Table 4.1 Description of the "AccessForAllPNP" class.
Descriptor	Definition
Class Name	AccessForAllPNP
Class Type	Container [ Unordered ]
Parents	None (Root Class)
Derived Classes	There are no derived classes.
Super Classes	This class is not derived from another class.
Characteristics	There are no characteristics.
Children	The set of children attributes are: access-mode-required adaptation-type-required at-interoperable educational-complexity-of-adaptation hazard-avoidance input-requirements language-of-adaptation language-of-interface adaptation-detail-required adaptation-media-required educational-level-of-adaptation linguistic-guidance keyword-emphasis keyword-translation simplified-language-portions simplified-graphics item-translation sign-language encouragement additional-testing-time line-reader invert-display-polarity magnification spoken tactile braille answer-masking keyboard-directions additional-directions long-description captions environment transcript alternative-text audio-description high-contrast layout-single-column text-appearance calculator-on-screen dictionary-on-screen glossary-on-screen thesaurus-on-screen homophone-checker-on-screen note-taking-on-screen visual-organizer-on-screen outliner-on-screen peer-interaction-on-screen spell-checker-on-screen activate-at-initialization-set activate-as-option-set prohibit-set extensions
Description	A collection of information that states how a user prefers digital learning resources to be supplied. This is the root container and so identifies all of the available PNP properties.

4.1.1 "access-mode-required" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.1 Description of the "access-mode-required" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	access-mode-required
Data Type	AccessModeRequired
Value Space	Container [ Sequence ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	Access mode that a user seeks either in an adaptation or an original resource as a replacement for a different access mode. This attribute relates an 'existingAccessMode' to an access mode that the user prefers, called an 'adaptationRequest'.

4.1.2 "adaptation-type-required" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.2 Description of the "adaptation-type-required" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	adaptation-type-required
Data Type	AdaptationTypeRequired
Value Space	Container [ Sequence ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	Nature or genre of the adaptation required as a replacement for a specific access mode. This attribute relates an 'existingAccessMode' to an adaptation type that the user prefers, called an 'adaptationRequest'.

4.1.3 "at-interoperable" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.3 Description of the "at-interoperable" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	at-interoperable
Data Type	Boolean (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A preference for resources wich are compatible with assistive technologies. Resources that are interoperable with AT should be selected whenever possible. Interoperability is indicated by compliance with WCAG 2.0 checkpoints: 1.1.1, 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 2.4.4, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.3.2, 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. The specific details of the AT are normally provided by a user agent or the operating system. The example of 'atInteroperable=true' expresses this statement: Resources that are interoperable with AT should be selected whenever possible.

4.1.4 "educational-complexity-of-adaptation" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.4 Description of the "educational-complexity-of-adaptation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	educational-complexity-of-adaptation
Data Type	EducationalComplexityValue
Value Space	Container [ Union ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A preference for a resource that is simplified or enriched relative to another resource that presents the same intellectual content. The example of 'educationalComplexityOfAdaptation=simplified' expresses this statement: Resources that are presented in a simplified form should be selected whenever possible.

4.1.5 "hazard-avoidance" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.5 Description of the "hazard-avoidance" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	hazard-avoidance
Data Type	HazardValue
Value Space	Container [ Union ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	A resource having such a characteristic should not be delivered to a user with this preference. The example of 'hazardAvoidance=flashing' expresses this statement: Resources that include flashing visuals should never be presented.

4.1.6 "input-requirements" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.6 Description of the "input-requirements" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	input-requirements
Data Type	ControlFlexibilityValue
Value Space	Container [ Union ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Single input system that is sufficient to control a resource. The example of 'inputRequirements=fullKeyboardControl' expresses this statement: Resources that are fully usable with keyboard control should be selected whenever possible.

4.1.7 "language-of-adaptation" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.7 Description of the "language-of-adaptation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	language-of-adaptation
Data Type	LanguageMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	A preference for the language of the adaptation [RFC 4646]. The example of 'languageOfAdaptation=spa' expresses this statement: Resources in Spanish should be selected whenever possible.

4.1.8 "language-of-interface" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.8 Description of the "language-of-interface" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	language-of-interface
Data Type	LanguageMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	A preference for the language of the user interface [RFC 4646]. The example of 'languageOfInterface=spa' expresses this statement: User interfaces should be presented in Spanish whenever possible.

4.1.9 "adaptation-detail-required" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.9 Description of the "adaptation-detail-required" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	adaptation-detail-required
Data Type	AdaptationDetailRequired
Value Space	Container [ Sequence ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	This attribute relates an 'existingAccessMode' to an adaptation detail that the user prefers, called an 'adaptationRequest'. The example of 'adaptationDetailRequired.existingAccessMode = auditory' an 'adaptationDetailRequired.adaptationRequested = verbatim' expresses this statement: Resources that are auditory should be replaced by verbatim alternatives.

4.1.10 "adaptation-media-required" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.10 Description of the "adaptation-media-required" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	adaptation-media-required
Data Type	AdaptationMediaRequired
Value Space	Container [ Sequence ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	This attribute relates an 'existingAccessMode' to an adaptation media that the user prefers, called an 'adaptationRequest'. The example of 'adaptationMediaRequired.existingAccessMode = textual' and 'adaptationMediaRequired.adaptationRequested = NIMAS' expresses this statement: Resources that are textual should be replaced by NIMAS-based alternatives.

4.1.11 "educational-level-of-adaptation" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.11 Description of the "educational-level-of-adaptation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	educational-level-of-adaptation
Data Type	NormalizedString (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	A preference for the education level of the adaptation. The example of 'educationalLevelOfAdaptation=Grade5' expresses this statement: Resources that match education level Grade 5 should be selected whenever possible when used in conjunction with the ASN Educational Level Vocabulary.

4.1.12 "linguistic-guidance" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.12 Description of the "linguistic-guidance" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	linguistic-guidance
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Additional definitions or explanations are associated with the content to assist users who are not fluent readers of the language in which the content is written. This indicates that the user should be presented additional linguistic-guidance content when available.

4.1.13 "keyword-emphasis" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.13 Description of the "keyword-emphasis" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	keyword-emphasis
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Certain words are designated in the content as key words. Programs should designate how they are to be emphasized. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference setting.

4.1.14 "keyword-translation" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.14 Description of the "keyword-translation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	keyword-translation
Data Type	LanguageMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Certain specific words would have translations available to users who need some assistance with difficult or important words in the content. The user profile should specify the language requested and the content would supply translation for the required languages. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

4.1.15 "simplified-language-portions" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.15 Description of the "simplified-language-portions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	simplified-language-portions
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	An entirely different version of a question may be given to a user using simpler language. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

4.1.16 "simplified-graphics" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.16 Description of the "simplified-graphics" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	simplified-graphics
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	An entirely different version of a question may be given to a user using simpler graphics. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

4.1.17 "item-translation" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.17 Description of the "item-translation" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	item-translation
Data Type	LanguageMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	An alternate item is made and the user exposed to the alternate language version. The Item information must contain which specific language it supports. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

4.1.18 "sign-language" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.18 Description of the "sign-language" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	sign-language
Data Type	LanguageMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Animated or live action movie recordings can be provided to the user as either an ASL translation or Signed English version of the Item. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

4.1.19 "encouragement" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.19 Description of the "encouragement" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	encouragement
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Some users may benefit from receiving expressions of encouragement as they work on the Test/Item. This is the container for the user preferences specific to the provision of expressions of encouragement.

4.1.20 "additional-testing-time" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.20 Description of the "additional-testing-time" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	additional-testing-time
Data Type	AdditionalTestingTime
Value Space	Container [ Selection ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	If a test has a time limit, the user will be allowed additional time to complete the test. This is the container for the user's addition time preferences.

4.1.21 "line-reader" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.21 Description of the "line-reader" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	line-reader
Data Type	LineReader
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the preferences for the use of a line reader.

4.1.22 "invert-display-polarity" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.22 Description of the "invert-display-polarity" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	invert-display-polarity
Data Type	InvertDisplayPolarity
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	To control the foreground and background color settings.

4.1.23 "magnification" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.23 Description of the "magnification" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	magnification
Data Type	Magnification
Value Space	Container [ Selection ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the use of the magnification settings for the user.

4.1.24 "spoken" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.24 Description of the "spoken" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	spoken
Data Type	Spoken
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the settings for use of Speech devices.

4.1.25 "tactile" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.25 Description of the "tactile" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	tactile
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the settings for use of tactile devices.

4.1.26 "braille" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.26 Description of the "braille" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	braille
Data Type	Braille
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the settings for use of Braille devices.

4.1.27 "answer-masking" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.27 Description of the "answer-masking" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	answer-masking
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Various types of content masking are possible to limit the amount of content rendered when an item is first presented. This is the container for the user's preferred masking settings for limiting the range of shown answers.

4.1.28 "keyboard-directions" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.28 Description of the "keyboard-directions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	keyboard-directions
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Directions that supply information about how to control an interaction using a keyboard, which may include specific keyboard shortcuts (combinations of key strokes that perform a specific function). This indicates that the user should be provided with keyboard directions when available.

4.1.29 "additional-directions" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.29 Description of the "additional-directions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	additional-directions
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Provides supplemental content that contains additional directions. Generally used as a cognitive support for some users that might benefit from some additional context, or specific guidance on how they might proceed through the content/problem/interaction. Note that this is distinct from keyboard directions, or directions for a specific support (like screen-reader). This indicates a user's preference that additional directions be provided to the user if available.

4.1.30 "long-description" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.30 Description of the "long-description" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	long-description
Data Type	LongDescription
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	An alternative text that is longer than a few sentences, generally used to describe a non-text object that requires a longer description than alternative text, and/or might require text formatting (headings, tables, lists, etc.). This indicates that the user prefers to have access to long descriptions when available.

4.1.31 "captions" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.31 Description of the "captions" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	captions
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Synchronized visual and/or text alternative for both speech and non-speech audio information needed to understand the media content (from WCAG2, http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#captionsdef). This indicates a user's preference that captions be provided automatically when audio-visual material is displayed.

4.1.32 "environment" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.32 Description of the "environment" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	environment
Data Type	Environment
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The term 'environment' contains information about the physical space which the candidate occupies, including the space itself, anything that should or should not be in that space, the social environment, medicines, software, hardware, machines, and whether the candidate will be taking breaks (usually referring to assessment breaks). In the context of an assessment, this environment information should be made available prior to the testing session to ensure it is setup correctly for the candidate.

4.1.33 "transcript" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.33 Description of the "transcript" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	transcript
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A non-synchronous written alternative for time-based media content, which includes dialogue (including the speaker name/role) and descriptions of sounds and/or important information that is presented visually. This indicates that the user should have access to transcript content if available.

4.1.34 "alternative-text" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.34 Description of the "alternative-text" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	alternative-text
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Text that is programmatically associated with non-text content and that serves the equivalent purpose (from WCAG 2.0, http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#text-altdef). Adding alternative text to an image is commonly done by using the alt attribute on an image () tag. It is intended to be a short description of the object. If the description is lengthy, or requires formatting of any kind, the object may also need a long description. This feature indicates a user's preference to have access to any alternative text.

4.1.35 "audio-description" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.35 Description of the "audio-description" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	audio-description
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Narration added to a soundtrack to describe important visual details that cannot be understood from the main soundtrack alone (from WCAG 2.0 http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#audiodescdef). Audio-descriptions can be useful for video-only media, or synchronized media (video and audio) content. This term indicates a user's preference that they should be given audio descriptions for media containing video.

4.1.36 "high-contrast" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.36 Description of the "high-contrast" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	high-contrast
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A resource offering an alternative visual version of another resource, with visual presentation of text and images of text that has a contrast ratio of at least 7:1, or, for larger text, a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 (WCAG2 Guideline 1.4.6): https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20-20081103/visual-audio-contrast7.html This term indicates a user's preference that high-contrast alternatives (graphics, interface, or any other visually presented materials) be provided to the user if available.

4.1.37 "layout-single-column" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.37 Description of the "layout-single-column" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	layout-single-column
Data Type	ReplacesAccessMode
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The term 'layout-single-column' indicates that the user requests that the content be displayed in a single column of text when possible.

4.1.38 "text-appearance" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.38 Description of the "text-appearance" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	text-appearance
Data Type	TextAppearance
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to define the set of chracteristics that describe the appearance of displayed text.

4.1.39 "calculator-on-screen" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.39 Description of the "calculator-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	calculator-on-screen
Data Type	Calculator
Value Space	Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the calculator tool.

4.1.40 "dictionary-on-screen" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.40 Description of the "dictionary-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	dictionary-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the dictionary tool.

4.1.41 "glossary-on-screen" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.41 Description of the "glossary-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	glossary-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the glossary tool.

4.1.42 "thesaurus-on-screen" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.42 Description of the "thesaurus-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	thesaurus-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the thesaurus tool.

4.1.43 "homophone-checker-on-screen" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.43 Description of the "homophone-checker-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	homophone-checker-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the homophone checker tool.

4.1.44 "note-taking-on-screen" Attribute Description

Table 4.1.44 Description of the "note-taking-on-screen" attribute for the "AccessForAllPNP" root class.
Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	note-taking-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the note taking tool.

4.1.45 "visual-organizer-on-screen" Attribute Description

4.1.46 "outliner-on-screen" Attribute Description

4.1.47 "peer-interaction-on-screen" Attribute Description

4.1.48 "spell-checker-on-screen" Attribute Description

4.1.49 "activate-at-initialization-set" Attribute Description

4.1.50 "activate-as-option-set" Attribute Description

4.1.51 "prohibit-set" Attribute Description

4.1.52 "extensions" Attribute Description

4.2 AccessForAllPNPRecords Root Class Description

4.2.1 "access-for-all-pnp-record" Attribute Description

5. Data Class Descriptions

5.1 AccessForAllPNPRecord Class Description

5.1.1 "person-sourced-id" Attribute Description

5.1.2 "appointment-id" Attribute Description

5.1.3 "access-for-all-pnp" Attribute Description

5.2 AccessModeRequired Class Description

5.2.1 "existing-access-mode" Attribute Description

5.2.2 "adaptation-request" Attribute Description

5.3 AdaptationDetailRequired Class Description

5.3.1 "existing-access-mode" Attribute Description

5.3.2 "adaptation-request" Attribute Description

5.4 AdaptationMediaRequired Class Description

5.4.1 "existing-access-mode" Attribute Description

5.4.2 "adaptation-request" Attribute Description

5.5 AdaptationTypeRequired Class Description

5.5.1 "existing-access-mode" Attribute Description

5.5.2 "adaptation-request" Attribute Description

5.6 AdditionalTestingTime Class Description

5.6.1 "time-multiplier" Attribute Description

5.6.2 "fixed-minutes" Attribute Description

5.6.3 "unlimited" Attribute Description

5.7 Braille Class Description

5.7.1 "language" Characteristic Description

5.7.2 "delivery-mode" Attribute Description

5.7.3 "grade" Attribute Description

5.7.4 "braille-type" Attribute Description

5.7.5 "math-type" Attribute Description

5.8 Environment Class Description

5.8.1 "description" Attribute Description

5.8.2 "medical" Attribute Description

5.8.3 "software" Attribute Description

5.8.4 "hardware" Attribute Description

5.8.5 "breaks" Attribute Description

5.9 FeatureSet Class Description

5.9.1 "linguistic-guidance" Attribute Description

5.9.2 "keyword-emphasis" Attribute Description

5.9.3 "keyword-translation" Attribute Description

5.9.4 "simplified-language-portions" Attribute Description

5.9.5 "simplified-graphics" Attribute Description

5.9.6 "item-translation" Attribute Description

5.9.7 "sign-language" Attribute Description

5.9.8 "encouragement" Attribute Description

5.9.9 "additional-testing-time" Attribute Description

5.9.10 "line-reader" Attribute Description

5.9.11 "invert-display-polarity" Attribute Description

5.9.12 "magnification" Attribute Description

5.9.13 "spoken" Attribute Description

5.9.14 "tactile" Attribute Description

5.9.15 "braille" Attribute Description

5.9.16 "answer-masking" Attribute Description

5.9.17 "keyboard-directions" Attribute Description

5.9.18 "additional-directions" Attribute Description

5.9.19 "long-description" Attribute Description

5.9.20 "captions" Attribute Description

5.9.21 "transcript" Attribute Description

5.9.22 "alternative-text" Attribute Description

5.9.23 "audio-description" Attribute Description

5.9.24 "high-contrast" Attribute Description

5.9.25 "input-requirements" Attribute Description

5.9.26 "language-of-interface" Attribute Description

5.9.27 "layout-single-column" Attribute Description

5.9.28 "text-appearance" Attribute Description

5.9.29 "calculator-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.30 "dictionary-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.31 "glossary-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.32 "thesaurus-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.33 "homophone-checker-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.34 "note-taking-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.35 "visual-organizer-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.36 "outliner-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.37 "peer-interaction-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.38 "spell-checker-on-screen" Attribute Description

5.9.39 "extensions" Attribute Description

5.10 FontFace Class Description

5.10.1 "font-name" Attribute Description

5.10.2 "generic-font-face" Attribute Description

5.11 InvertDisplayPolarity Class Description

5.11.1 "foreground" Characteristic Description

5.11.2 "background" Characteristic Description

5.12 LanguageMode Class Description

5.12.1 "language" Characteristic Description

5.13 LineReader Class Description

5.13.1 "highlight-color" Characteristic Description

5.14 LongDescription Class Description

5.14.1 "hide-visually" Characteristic Description

5.15 Magnification Class Description

5.15.1 "all-content" Attribute Description

5.15.2 "selectMagnification" Attribute Description

5.16 ReplacesAccessMode Class Description

5.16.1 "replace-access-mode-auditory" Attribute Description

5.16.2 "replace-access-mode-color" Attribute Description

5.16.3 "replace-access-mode-item-size" Attribute Description

5.16.4 "replace-access-mode-olfactory" Attribute Description

5.16.5 "replace-access-mode-orientation" Attribute Description

5.16.6 "replace-access-mode-position" Attribute Description

5.16.7 "replace-access-mode-tactile" Attribute Description

5.16.8 "replace-access-mode-text-on-image" Attribute Description

5.16.9 "replace-access-mode-textual" Attribute Description

5.16.10 "replace-access-mode-visual" Attribute Description

5.17 Spoken Class Description

5.17.1 "reading-type" Attribute Description

5.17.2 "restriction-type" Attribute Description

5.17.3 "speech-rate" Attribute Description

5.17.4 "pitch" Attribute Description

5.17.5 "volume" Attribute Description

5.17.6 "link-indication" Attribute Description

5.17.7 "typing-echo" Attribute Description

5.18 TextAppearance Class Description

5.18.1 "background-color" Attribute Description

5.18.2 "font-color" Attribute Description

5.18.3 "font-size" Attribute Description

5.18.4 "font-face" Attribute Description

5.18.5 "line-spacing" Attribute Description

5.18.6 "line-height" Attribute Description

5.18.7 "letter-spacing" Attribute Description

5.18.8 "uniform-font-sizing" Attribute Description

5.18.9 "word-spacing" Attribute Description

5.18.10 "word-wrapping" Attribute Description

6. Abstract Class Descriptions

6.1 SelectMagnification Class Description

6.1.1 "text" Attribute Description

6.1.2 "non-text" Attribute Description

7. Derived Class Descriptions

7.1 Calculator Class Description

7.1.1 "calculator-type" Characteristic Description

7.2 ExtensionString Class Description

7.2.1 "pattern" Attribute Description

7.3 Hex Class Description

7.3.1 "pattern" Attribute Description

7.4 PersonSourcedId Class Description

7.4.1 "source-system" Characteristic Description

7.5 Volume Class Description

7.5.1 "maxInclusive" Attribute Description

7.6 ZoomAmount Class Description

7.6.1 "zoom-amount" Characteristic Description

8. Union Class Descriptions

8.1 AccessModeValue Class Description

8.2 AdaptationDetailValue Class Description

8.3 AdaptationMediaTypeValue Class Description

8.4 AdaptationTypeValue Class Description

8.5 BrailleType Class Description

8.6 CalculatorType Class Description

8.7 ControlFlexibilityValue Class Description

8.8 EducationalComplexityValue Class Description

8.9 HazardValue Class Description

8.10 MathType Class Description

8.11 RestrictionType Class Description

9. Enumerated Vocabulary Descriptions

9.1 AccessModeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.2 AdaptationDetailEnum Vocabulary Description

9.3 AdaptationMediaTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.4 AdaptationTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.5 BrailleTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.6 CalculatorTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.7 ControlFexibilityEnum Vocabulary Description

9.8 DeliveryModeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.9 EducationalComplexityEnum Vocabulary Description

9.10 FontFaceEnum Vocabulary Description

9.11 GradeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.12 HazardVocabulary Vocabulary Description

9.13 LinkIndicationEnum Vocabulary Description

9.14 MathTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.15 ReadingTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.16 RestrictionTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

9.17 TypingEchoEnum Vocabulary Description

10. Extending and Profiling the Data Model

10.1. Extending the Data Model

The specification may only be extended as permitted in the information model. The form of the extension is dependent on the binding being used (see the corresponding binding documentation and best practice recommendations [AfA, 21]).

The value space for each of the vocabularies is approved by IMS Global. The value space for a vocabulary may be extended. Such extensions may be created and used only when no approved IMS Global value satisfies the expressive need of an implementing community to define the shape of a collection.

10.2. Profiling the Data Model

This specification may be profiled. A profile must be a formal subset of the base specification. This ensures that, with the exception of namespace/schema location changes, any instance which is compliant to the profile MUST also be compliant to the base specification. This means that a profile must only increase the constraints on the properties of the data model. For example, an element with a multiplicity of [0..1] can have this changed to [1..1] but NOT [0..*]. Proprietary extensions are ONLY permitted as defined by the base specification.

It is strongly recommended that a profile of this specification is undertaken either by, or with the close support, of IMS Global. However, no matter who is responsible for creating the profile artefacts (documents, XSDs, etc.), it is strongly recommended that the IMS specification tools are used. This will ensure that the artefacts are consistent with the base specifications and that useful support documentation is automatically produced e.g. creation of a document that summarises the differences between the base specification and the profile. Organizations wishing to produce a profile of this specification should contact Lisa Mattson (IMS Global Chief Operations Officer) at: lmattson@imsglobal.org.

References

Appendix A Modelling Terms and Concepts

A1 Data Model Descriptions

A1.1 Data Model Diagrams

A1.2 Class Descriptions

A1.3 Attribute and Characteristic Descriptions

Table A1.3 provides the key to the descriptions of the data attributes/characteristics for the data classes.

A1.4 Enumerated Vocabulary Descriptions

Table A1.4 provides the key to the descriptions of the enumerated vocabulary classes. These are vocabularies that will be contained within the binding form itself. They are contained within a class that has a stereotype of either « Enumeration » or « EnumeratedList ».

A1.5 External Vocabulary Descriptions

Table A1.5 provides the key to the descriptions of the external vocabulary classes. These are vocabularies that will be contained in some independent format e.g. using the IMS VDEX [VDEX, 04].

A1.6 Import Class Descriptions

A1.7 Link Data Descriptions

About this Document

List of Contributors

Revision History

IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. ("IMS Global") is publishing the information contained in this document ("Specification") for purposes of scientific, experimental, and scholarly collaboration only.

IMS Global makes no warranty or representation regarding the accuracy or completeness of the Specification.

The Specification is at all times subject to change and revision without notice.

It is your sole responsibility to evaluate the usefulness, accuracy, and completeness of the Specification as it relates to you.

Please refer to Document Name: IMS Global Access for All (AfA) Personal Needs and Preferences (PNP) Information Model v3.0

Date Issued:	18th January, 2021
Latest version:	http://www.imsglobal.org/afa/latest/

API	Application Programming Interface
APIP	Accessible Portable Item Protocol
ARIA	Accessible Rich Internet Applications
ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASL	American Sign Language
AT	Assistive Technology
AT-SPI	Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface
ATK	Accessibility Toolkit
AfA	Access For All
AfA DRD	Access for All Digital Resource Description
AfA PNP	Access for All Personal Needs and Preferences
DAISY	Digital Accessible Information System
DRD	Digital Resource Description
ISO	International Standards Organization
MSAA	Microsoft Active Accessibility
NIMAS	National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard
OEBPS	Open eBook Publication Structure
PDF	Portable Document Format
PEF	Portable Embosser Format
PIM	Platform Independent Model
PNP	Personal Needs and Preferences
UML	Unified Modeling Language
W3C	World Wide Web Consortium
WAI	Web Accessibility Initiative
WCAG	Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
XML	Extensible Mark-up Language

2. Access for All Personal Needs and Preferences	The underlying data model for the AFA PNP specification. This is a high level description that shows the relationships between the various components of the PNP data model;
3. Root Attribute Descriptions	The formal definition and description of the set of root attributes for the information model. These are the first class objects that can be exchanged using this data model. AfA PNP has one root attributes;
4. Root Class Descriptions	The definition and description of the set of root classes for the information model. These are parent classes for the the first class objects i.e. the root attributes, that can be exchanged using this data model;
5. Data Class Descriptions	The definition and description of the set of core classes from which the information model is composed;
6. Abstract Class Descriptions	The definition and description of the set of abstract classes from which the information model is composed. These structures do not appear as explicit classes in the binding;
7. Derived Class Descriptions	The definition and description of the set of derived classes. A derived class is one that is built upon either the primitive types (the base types avialable for any model) or other derived types.
8. Union Class Descriptions	The definition and description of the set of union classes. A union class is one that is built upon the union of to or more primitive, derived or enumerated data-types.
9. Enumerated Vocabulary Descriptions	The definition and description of the set of enumerated classes i.e. the embedded vocabularies, used throughout the specification (these vocabularies are not encapsulated as external IMS-based VDEX files);
10. Extending and Profiling the Data Model	Identification of the ways in which the data model can be extended (both in terms of the extending features and proprietary extensions to the model) and how this base specification, and its model-based description, can be profiled to produce derivative specifications;
References	The set of cited documents, normative and informative, that are used to support the technical details in this document;
Appendix A Modelling Terms and Concepts	An overview of the model driven approach, the concepts and the terms used by IMS to create the data model representations (based upon a profile of UML), the corresponding set of bindings and the accompanying documentation (including this information model).

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	visual-organizer-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the visual organizer tool.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	outliner-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the outliner tool.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	peer-interaction-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the peer interaction tool.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	spell-checker-on-screen
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The presence of this attribute makes available, on screen, the spell checker tool.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	activate-at-initialization-set
Data Type	FeatureSet
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This attribute is used to define the set of features that MUST be activated during initalization of the system i.e. the default settings at the start of the learning activity.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	activate-as-option-set
Data Type	FeatureSet
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This attribute is used to define the set of features that MAY be activated during the learning activity by the user i.e. features that the user can may available.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	prohibit-set
Data Type	FeatureSet
Value Space	Container [ Unordered ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This attribute is used to define the set of features that MUST be prohibited during initalization of the system i.e. the features that will not be available during the learning activity.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	extensions
Data Type	Namespace (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Global ("+")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations for the inclusion that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is dependent on the type of binding.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	access-for-all-pnp-record
Data Type	AccessForAllPNPRecord
Value Space	Container [ Sequence ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[1.. unbounded]
Description	This is used to contain the description of each of the individual AfA PNP Records.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	person-sourced-id
Data Type	PersonSourcedId
Value Space	Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the unique identifier for the person who owns the PNP record.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	appointment-id
Data Type	NormalizedString (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	This is an identifier that has been assigned to the individual as part of the learning process for which the PNP record will be used.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	existing-access-mode
Data Type	AccessModeValue
Value Space	Container [ Union ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	A value, from the AccessMode vocabulary, for the existing access mode.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	adaptation-request
Data Type	AccessModeValue
Value Space	Container [ Union ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	A value, from the AccessMode vocabulary, for the new adaptation access mode.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	time-multiplier
Data Type	Float (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Providing the additional testing time as a multiplier of the set time.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	fixed-minutes
Data Type	Integer (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Providing the additional testing time as an additional number of minutes.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	unlimited
Data Type	Empty (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Providing the additional testing time as an unlimited time.

Descriptor	Definition
Characteristic Name	language
Data Type	Language (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The native language, defined as per [RFC 3066], to which the Braille conversion will be applied.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	delivery-mode
Data Type	DeliveryModeEnum
Value Space	Enumerated value set of: { refreshable \| embossed } Default = "refreshable".
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The delivery mode for the Braille device: this is defined as an enumerated vocabulary.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	grade
Data Type	GradeEnum
Value Space	Enumerated value set of: { 1 \| 2 \| 3 } Default = "2".
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The grade, for the encoding, for the Braille device: this is defined as an enumerated vocabulary.

IMS Global Access for All (AfA) Personal Needs and Preferences (PNP) Information Model Version 3.0

IMS Candidate FinalVersion 2.0

IMS Candidate Final
Version 2.0

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	braille-type
Data Type	BrailleType
Value Space	Container [ Union ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The type of Braille to be used.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	math-type
Data Type	MathType
Value Space	Container [ Union ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The type of Braille to be used for the rendering if Maths: this is defined as an enumerated vocabulary.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	medical
Data Type	NormalizedString (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A human-readable description of the available medical support.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	software
Data Type	NormalizedString (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A human-readable description of the available accessibility software.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	hardware
Data Type	NormalizedString (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A human-readable description of the available accessibility hardware.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	breaks
Data Type	Boolean (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A human-readable description of the available breaks i.e. moments away for the activity itself.

Descriptor	Definition
Class Name	FontFace
Class Type	Container [ Unordered ]
Parents	The set of parent classes are: TextAppearance
Derived Classes	There are no derived classes.
Super Classes	This class is not derived from another class.
Characteristics	There are no characteristics.
Children	The set of children attributes are: font-name generic-font-face
Description	The container for information about the font face to be used.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	font-name
Data Type	NormalizedString (Primitive-type)
Value Space	See Appendix A1.3.
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	The name of the font to be used for text display.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute Name	generic-font-face
Data Type	FontFaceEnum
Value Space	Enumerated value set of: { serif \| sans serif \| monospaced \| cursive \| fantasy }
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The generic font face to be use for text. This is based upon an enumerated vocabulary.

Descriptor	Definition
Characteristic Name	foreground
Data Type	Hex
Value Space	Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope	Local ("-")
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The new preference setting for the foreground color on displays.