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IMS Question & Test Interoperability (QTI): Usage Data & Item Statistics Specification Version 3.0

IMS Candidate Final Public
Version 1.0

Date Issued: 2nd February, 2022
Latest version: http://www.imsglobal.org/activity/question/

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Document Name: IMS Question & Test Interoperability (QTI): Usage Data & Item Statistics Specification v3.0

Revision: 2nd February, 2022

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Abstract

This document is a part of the IMS Global Question & Test Interoperability (QTI) v3.0 specification. It introduces QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics for reporting statistical information about the usage of a set of items. While the expectation is that the original definition of the corresponding Items is based upon the use of the QTIv3.0 Assessment, Section and Item specification [QTI, 21a], this is not a pre-requisite for the use of this usage data representation. This document includes the information model definition, tthe XML binding description, best practices and implementation guidance, and conformance and certification details.

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Table of Contents

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1 Scope and Context

1.2 Conventions

1.3 Structure of this Document

1.4 Nomenclature

2. Information Model

2.1 Information Model Overview

2.2 Root Attribute Description

2.2.1 "usageData" Root Attribute Description

2.3 Root Class Description

2.3.1 "UsageData" Root Class Description

2.3.1.1 "glossary" Characteristic Description

2.3.1.2 "itemStatistic" Attribute Description

2.4 Data Class Descriptions

2.4.1 "CategorizedStatistic" Class Description

2.4.1.1 "name" Characteristic Description

2.4.1.2 "glossary" Characteristic Description

2.4.1.3 "context" Characteristic Description

2.4.1.4 "caseCount" Characteristic Description

2.4.1.5 "stdError" Characteristic Description

2.4.1.6 "stdDeviation" Characteristic Description

2.4.1.7 "lastUpdated" Characteristic Description

2.4.1.8 "targetObject" Attribute Description

2.4.1.9 "mapping" Attribute Description

2.4.2 "Mapping" Class Description

2.4.2.1 "lowerBound" Characteristic Description

2.4.2.2 "upperBound" Characteristic Description

2.4.2.3 "defaultValue" Characteristic Description

2.4.2.4 "mapEntry" Attribute Description

2.4.3 "OrdinaryStatistic" Class Description

2.4.3.1 "name" Characteristic Description

2.4.3.2 "glossary" Characteristic Description

2.4.3.3 "context" Characteristic Description

2.4.3.4 "caseCount" Characteristic Description

2.4.3.5 "stdError" Characteristic Description

2.4.3.6 "stdDeviation" Characteristic Description

2.4.3.7 "lastUpdated" Characteristic Description

2.4.3.8 "targetObject" Attribute Description

2.4.3.9 "value" Attribute Description

2.5 Abstract Class Descriptions

2.5.1 "ItemStatistic" Class Description

2.5.1.1 "ordinaryStatistic" Attribute Description

2.5.1.2 "categorizedStatistic" Attribute Description

2.6 Derived Class Descriptions

2.6.1 "Date" Class Description

2.6.1.1 "pattern" Attribute Description

2.6.2 "Identifier" Class Description

2.6.3 "MapEntry" Class Description

2.6.3.1 "mapKey" Characteristic Description

2.6.3.2 "mappedValue" Characteristic Description

2.6.3.3 "caseSensitive" Characteristic Description

2.6.4 "TargetObject" Class Description

2.6.4.1 "identifier" Characteristic Description

2.6.4.2 "partIdentifier" Characteristic Description

2.6.4.3 "objectType" Characteristic Description

2.6.5 "Value" Class Description

2.6.5.1 "fieldIdentifier" Characteristic Description

2.6.5.2 "baseType" Characteristic Description

2.7 Enumerated Vocabulary Descriptions

2.7.1 "BaseTypeEnum" Vocabulary Description

2.7.2 "ObjectTypeEnum" Vocabulary Description

2.8 External Vocabularies

2.8.1 "Distractor Statistics" External Vocabulary

2.8.2 "Item Statistics" External Vocabulary

3. XSD Binding

3.1 XSD Binding Overview

3.2 UML to XML/XSD Mapping

3.2.1 Root Attribute UML/XSD Mapping

3.2.2 Root Class UML/XSD Mapping

3.2.2.1 UsageData Root Class Mapping

3.2.3 Class UML/XSD Mapping

3.2.3.1 CategorizedStatistic Class Mapping

3.2.3.2 Mapping Class Mapping

3.2.3.3 OrdinaryStatistic Class Mapping

3.2.4 Derived Class UML/XSD Mapping

3.2.4.1 Date Class Mapping

3.2.4.2 Identifier Class Mapping

3.2.4.3 MapEntry Class Mapping

3.2.4.4 TargetObject Class Mapping

3.2.4.5 Value Class Mapping

3.2.5 Enumerated Class UML/XSD Mapping

3.2.6 Enumerated List Class UML/XSD Mapping

3.2.7 List Class UML/XSD Mapping

3.2.8 Union Class UML/XSD Mapping

3.2.9 Primitive Type UML/XSD Mapping

3.3 Filenames and Namespaces

3.3.1 Target Namespace Details

3.3.2 Imported Namespace Details

3.3.3 Implicit Namespace Details

3.4 Description of the XSD

3.4.1 Root Element Descriptions

3.4.1.1 "usageData" Root Element Description

3.4.2 Global Element Descriptions

3.4.3 Attribute Group Descriptions

3.4.4 Root Complex Type Descriptions

3.4.4.1 UsageDataDType Root Complex Type Description

* "glossary" Local Attribute Description

* "ordinaryStatistic" Local Element Description

* "categorizedStatistic" Local Element Description

3.4.5 Core Complex Type Descriptions

3.4.5.1 CategorizedStatisticDType Core Complex Type Description

* "name" Local Attribute Description

* "glossary" Local Attribute Description

* "context" Local Attribute Description

* "caseCount" Local Attribute Description

* "stdError" Local Attribute Description

* "stdDeviation" Local Attribute Description

* "lastUpdated" Local Attribute Description

* "targetObject" Local Element Description

* "mapping" Local Element Description

3.4.5.2 MappingDType Core Complex Type Description

* "lowerBound" Local Attribute Description

* "upperBound" Local Attribute Description

* "defaultValue" Local Attribute Description

* "mapEntry" Local Element Description

3.4.5.3 OrdinaryStatisticDType Core Complex Type Description

* "name" Local Attribute Description

* "glossary" Local Attribute Description

* "context" Local Attribute Description

* "caseCount" Local Attribute Description

* "stdError" Local Attribute Description

* "stdDeviation" Local Attribute Description

* "lastUpdated" Local Attribute Description

* "targetObject" Local Element Description

* "value" Local Element Description

3.4.6 Derived Complex Type Descriptions

3.4.6.1 MapEntryDType Derived Complex Type Description

* "mapKey" Local Attribute Description

* "mappedValue" Local Attribute Description

* "caseSensitive" Local Attribute Description

3.4.6.2 TargetObjectDType Derived Complex Type Description

* "identifier" Local Attribute Description

* "partIdentifier" Local Attribute Description

* "objectType" Local Attribute Description

3.4.6.3 ValueDType Derived Complex Type Description

* "fieldIdentifier" Local Attribute Description

* "baseType" Local Attribute Description

3.4.7 Simple Type Descriptions

3.4.7.1 DateDType Simple Type Description

3.4.7.2 IdentifierDType Simple Type Description

3.5 The Schematron Rules

3.6 The VDEX Vocabulary Bindings

3.6.1 "Distractor Statistics" Vocabulary VDEX Binding Description

3.6.2 "Item Statistics" Vocabulary VDEX Binding Description

4. Extending and Profiling the Data Model

4.1 Extending the Data Model

4.2 Profiling the Data Model

5. Best Practices and Implementation Guide

5.1 Relationship to Other IMS Speceifications

5.1.1 QTI Assessment, Section and Item (ASI)

5.1.2 QTI Results Reporting

5.1.3 Content Packaging

5.2 Implementation Guidance

5.2.1 Defining the Usage Data Context

5.2.2 Defining the Target Object

5.2.3 Defining Custom Statistics

5.2.4 Packaging Usage Data

6. Conformance and Certification

6.1 The Conformance Process

6.2 System Import Conformance

6.3 System Export Conformance

6.4 System Certifications

References

Appendix A Modelling Concepts and Terms

A1 Data Model Descriptions

A1.1 Data Model Diagrams

A1.2 Class Descriptions

A1.3 Attribute and Characteristic Descriptions

A1.4 Enumerated Vocabulary Descriptions

A1.5 External Vocabulary Descriptions

A1.6 Import Class Descriptions

A1.7 Link Data Descriptions

A1.8 Common Data Model Persistent Identifier Descriptions

Appendix B XSD Binding Terms

B1 XSD Binding Description Terms

B1.1 UML/XSD Attribute Mapping Table Definition

B1.2 UML/XSD Class Mapping Table Definition

B1.3 UML/XSD Enumerated and Enumerated List Class Mapping Table Definition

B1.4 UML/XSD List and Union Mapping Tables Definition

B1.5 UML/XSD Primitive Types Mapping Table Definition

B1.6 XSD Description for an Element

B1.7 XSD Description for a Complex Type

B1.8 XSD Description for a Simple Type

B1.9 XSD Description for an Attribute Group

B1.10 XSD Description for an Attribute

B1.11 VDEX Description for an External Vocabulary

Appendix C XSD Listings

C1 QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics XSD Listing

Appendix D VDEX Listings

Appendix D1 "Distractor Statistics" Vocabulary Listing

Appendix D2 "Item Statistics" Vocabulary Listing

About this Document

List of Contributors

Revision History

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List of Figures

Figure 2.3.1 UsageData class definitions

Figure 2.4.1 CategorizedStatistic class definitions

Figure 2.4.2 Mapping class definitions

Figure 2.4.3 OrdinaryStatistic class definitions

Figure 2.5.1 ItemStatistic class definitions

Figure 2.6.1 Date class definitions

Figure 2.6.2 Identifier class definitions

Figure 2.6.3 MapEntry class definitions

Figure 2.6.4 TargetObject class definitions

Figure 2.6.5 Value class definitions

Figure 2.7.1 BaseTypeEnum class definitions

Figure 2.7.2 ObjectTypeEnum class definitions

Figure 3.4.1.1 XSD Description for the "usageData" Root Element

Figure 3.4.4.1 XSD Description for the "UsageDataDType" Root ComplexType

Figure XSD Description for the "glossary" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "ordinaryStatistic" Local Element Description

Figure XSD Description for the "categorizedStatistic" Local Element Description

Figure 3.4.5.1 XSD Description for the "CategorizedStatisticDType" Core Complex Type

Figure XSD Description for the "name" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "glossary" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "context" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "caseCount" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "stdError" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "stdDeviation" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "lastUpdated" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "targetObject" Local Element

Figure XSD Description for the "mapping" Local Element

Figure 3.4.5.2 XSD Description for the "MappingDType" Core Complex Type

Figure XSD Description for the "lowerBound" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "upperBound" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "defaultValue" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "mapEntry" Local Element

Figure 3.4.5.3 XSD Description for the "OrdinaryStatisticDType" Core Complex Type

Figure XSD Description for the "name" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "glossary" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "context" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "caseCount" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "stdError" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "stdDeviation" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "lastUpdated" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "targetObject" Local Element

Figure XSD Description for the "value" Local Element

Figure 3.4.6.1 XSD Description for the "MapEntryDType" Derived Complex Type

Figure XSD Description for the "mapKey" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "mappedValue" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "caseSensitive" Local Attribute

Figure 3.4.6.2 XSD Description for the "TargetObjectDType" Derived Complex Type

Figure XSD Description for the "identifier" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "partIdentifier" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "objectType" Local Attribute

Figure 3.4.6.3 XSD Description for the "ValueDType" Derived Complex Type

Figure XSD Description for the "fieldIdentifier" Local Attribute

Figure XSD Description for the "baseType" Local Attribute

Figure 3.4.7.1 XSD Description for the "DateDType" Simple Type

Figure 3.4.7.2 XSD Description for the "IdentifierDType" Simple Type

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List of Tables

Table 2.2.1 "usageData" root attribute description

Table 2.3.1 UsageData class definitions

Table 2.3.1.1 Description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "UsageData" class

Table 2.3.1.2 Description of the "itemStatistic" attribute for the "UsageData" class

Table 2.4.1 CategorizedStatistic class definitions

Table 2.4.1.1 Description of the "name" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.1.2 Description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.1.3 Description of the "context" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.1.4 Description of the "caseCount" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.1.5 Description of the "stdError" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.1.6 Description of the "stdDeviation" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.1.7 Description of the "lastUpdated" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.1.8 Description of the "targetObject" attribute for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.1.9 Description of the "mapping" attribute for the "CategorizedStatistic" class

Table 2.4.2 Mapping class definitions

Table 2.4.2.1 Description of the "lowerBound" characteristic for the "Mapping" class

Table 2.4.2.2 Description of the "upperBound" characteristic for the "Mapping" class

Table 2.4.2.3 Description of the "defaultValue" characteristic for the "Mapping" class

Table 2.4.2.4 Description of the "mapEntry" attribute for the "Mapping" class

Table 2.4.3 OrdinaryStatistic class definitions

Table 2.4.3.1 Description of the "name" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.4.3.2 Description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.4.3.3 Description of the "context" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.4.3.4 Description of the "caseCount" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.4.3.5 Description of the "stdError" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.4.3.6 Description of the "stdDeviation" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.4.3.7 Description of the "lastUpdated" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.4.3.8 Description of the "targetObject" attribute for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.4.3.9 Description of the "value" attribute for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class

Table 2.5.1 ItemStatistic class definitions

Table 2.5.1.1 Description of the "ordinaryStatistic" attribute for the "ItemStatistic" class

Table 2.5.1.2 Description of the "categorizedStatistic" attribute for the "ItemStatistic" class

Table 2.6.1 Date class definitions

Table 2.6.1.1 Description of the "pattern" attribute for the "Date" class

Table 2.6.2 Identifier class definitions

Table 2.6.3 MapEntry class definitions

Table 2.6.3.1 Description of the "mapKey" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class

Table 2.6.3.2 Description of the "mappedValue" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class

Table 2.6.3.3 Description of the "caseSensitive" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class

Table 2.6.4 TargetObject class definitions

Table 2.6.4.1 Description of the "identifier" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class

Table 2.6.4.2 Description of the "partIdentifier" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class

Table 2.6.4.3 Description of the "objectType" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class

Table 2.6.5 Value class definitions

Table 2.6.5.1 Description of the "fieldIdentifier" characteristic for the "Value" class

Table 2.6.5.2 Description of the "baseType" characteristic for the "Value" class

Table 2.7.1 BaseTypeEnum class definitions

Table 2.7.2 ObjectTypeEnum class definitions

Table 2.8.1 Distractor Statistics external vocabulary definition

Table 2.8.2 Item Statistics external vocabulary definition

Table 3.2.1 UML/XSD Mapping for the Root Attributes

Table 3.2.2.1 UML/XSD Mapping for the UsageData Root Class

Table 3.2.3.1 UML/XSD Mapping for the CategorizedStatistic Core Class

Table 3.2.3.2 UML/XSD Mapping for the Mapping Core Class

Table 3.2.3.3 UML/XSD Mapping for the OrdinaryStatistic Core Class

Table 3.2.4.1 UML/XSD Mapping for the Date Derived Class

Table 3.2.4.2 UML/XSD Mapping for the Identifier Derived Class

Table 3.2.4.3 UML/XSD Mapping for the MapEntry Derived Class

Table 3.2.4.4 UML/XSD Mapping for the TargetObject Derived Class

Table 3.2.4.5 UML/XSD Mapping for the Value Derived Class

Table 3.2.5 UML/XSD Mapping for the Enumerated Class Definitions

Table 3.2.9 UML/XSD Mapping for the Primitive Type Definitions

Table 3.4.1.1 XSD Description for the "usageData" Root Element

Table 3.4.4.1 XSD Description for the "UsageDataDType" Root ComplexType

Table XSD Description for the "glossary" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "ordinaryStatistic" Local Element Description

Table XSD Description for the "categorizedStatistic" Local Element Description

Table 3.4.5.1 XSD Description for the "CategorizedStatisticDType" Core Complex Type

Table XSD Description for the "name" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "glossary" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "context" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "caseCount" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "stdError" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "stdDeviation" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "lastUpdated" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "targetObject" Local Element

Table XSD Description for the "mapping" Local Element

Table 3.4.5.2 XSD Description for the "MappingDType" Core Complex Type

Table XSD Description for the "lowerBound" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "upperBound" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "defaultValue" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "mapEntry" Local Element

Table 3.4.5.3 XSD Description for the "OrdinaryStatisticDType" Core Complex Type

Table XSD Description for the "name" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "glossary" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "context" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "caseCount" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "stdError" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "stdDeviation" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "lastUpdated" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "targetObject" Local Element

Table XSD Description for the "value" Local Element

Table 3.4.6.1 XSD Description for the "MapEntryDType" Derived Complex Type

Table XSD Description for the "mapKey" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "mappedValue" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "caseSensitive" Local Attribute

Table 3.4.6.2 XSD Description for the "TargetObjectDType" Derived Complex Type

Table XSD Description for the "identifier" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "partIdentifier" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "objectType" Local Attribute

Table 3.4.6.3 XSD Description for the "ValueDType" Derived Complex Type

Table XSD Description for the "fieldIdentifier" Local Attribute

Table XSD Description for the "baseType" Local Attribute

Table 3.4.7.1 XSD Description for the "DateDType" Simple Type

Table 3.4.7.2 XSD Description for the "IdentifierDType" Simple Type

Table 3.6.1 VDEX Description for the "Distractor Statistics" Vocabulary.

Table 3.6.2 VDEX Description for the "Item Statistics" Vocabulary.

Table A1.1 The key to the descriptions of data model diagrams

Table A1.2 The key to the descriptions of the data class tables

Table A1.3 The key to the descriptions of the data attribute/characteristic tables

Table A1.4 The key to the descriptions of the enumerated vocabulary tables

Table A1.5 The key to the descriptions of the external vocabulary tables

Table A1.6 The key to the descriptions of the import class tables

Table A1.7 The key to the descriptions of the link data tables

Table A1.8 The key to the descriptions of the common data model persistent identifier tables

Table B1.1 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD attribute mapping tables

Table B1.2 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD class mapping tables

Table B1.3 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD enumerated and enumerated list class mapping tables

Table B1.4 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD list class mapping table

Table B1.5 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD primitive mapping table

Table B1.6 The key to the descriptions of XSD element tables

Table B1.7 The key to the descriptions of XSD complex type tables

Table B1.8 The key to the descriptions of XSD simple type tables

Table B1.9 The key to the descriptions of XSD attribute group tables

Table B1.10 The key to the descriptions of XSD attribute tables

Table B1.11 The key to the descriptions of VDEX vocabulary binding tables

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1. Introduction

1.1. Scope and Context

The IMS QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics 3.0 specification is used in conjunction with the following documents:

This QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics 3.0 specification supersedes the QTI v2.2 version. There has been the addition of the 'objectType' attribute to the 'targetObject' element and the namespace and schema location of the XSD have been altered. The QTI Information Model is bound to an XML Schema Definition (XSD) and the external vocabularies supplied as Vocabulary Definition and Exchange (VDEX) instances [VDEX, 04]. This document and the accompanying XSD is generated using the IMS Global Binding Auto-generation Tool-kit (I-BAT) [I-BAT, 06].

1.2. Conventions

All sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams (with the exception of the UML diagrams), examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119]. This means that from the perspective of conformance:

The Conformance and Certification Guide for this specification may introduce greater normative constraints than those defined here for specific service or implementation categories.

The SHOULD/SHOULD NOT/RECOMMENDED statements MUST NOT be used in any document, or section of a document, that is responsible for defining the information model and/or the associated bindings and/or conformance and certification.

1.3. Structure of this Document

The structure of the rest of this document is:

2. Information Model The Information Model description for the QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics. This description uses a profile of UML to represent the structure of the data model;
3. XSD Binding This is the description of the binding of the data model to XML and the corresponding XSD that is used to validate QTI Usage Data instances. This description includes an explanation of the relationship between the UML representation and the XSD that is produced through transformation of that representation;
4. Extending and Profiling the Data Model Identification of the ways in which the data model can be extended (both in terms of the extending features and proprietary extensions to the model) and how this base specification, and its model-based description, can be profiled to produce derivative specifications;
5. Best Practices and Implementation Guide The best practices and implementations guidance when using this specification. This includes a set of annotated examples to explain how specific uses can be realised;
6. Conformance and Certification The formal definition of the set of available certifications (import, export, import/export). This includes a description of the set of requirements that must be fulfilled to achieve the corresponding certification;
References The set of documents cited within this document;
Appendix A Modelling Concepts and Terms An overview of the model driven approach, the concepts and the terms used by IMS to create the data model representations (based upon a profile of UML), the corresponding set of bindings and the accompanying documentation (including this information model);
Appendix B XSD Binding Terms An overview of the concepts and the terms used by IMS to create theXSD-based bindings representations and the accompanying documentation. The XSD binding is auto-generated from the UML representation to ensure full consistency between the information model and binding;
Appendix C XSD Listings The listing of the QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics XSD that should be used to validate instances of the data exchange;
Appendix D VDEX Listings The listings of the VDEX XML binding files that contain the external vocabularies instances. Each of these XML files is an instance of the IMS VDEX specification.

1.4. Nomenclature

AIS Average Item Score
ASI Assessment, Section, Item
DT Derived Type
I-BAT IMS Binding Autogeneration Toolkit
IRT Item Response Theory
ISO International Standards Organization
PT Primitive Type
QTI Question and Test Interoperability
RFC Request For Comment
UML Unified Modeling Language
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
URN Uniform Resource Name
VDEX Vocabulary Definition Exchange
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
XML Exchange Markup Language
XOR Exclusive OR
XSD XML Schema Definition

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2. Information Model

2.1. Information Model Overview

The Information Model is described using a UML representation approach. The description consists of:

2.2. Root Attribute Description

This Section is NORMATIVE.

All of the Root attributes (the root name for the instances that can be exchanged) used within this Information Model are described in this Section. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix A1.3. The root attributes are:

2.2.1 "usageData" Root Attribute Description

The definition of the "usageData" root attribute is shown in Table 2.2.1.

Table 2.2.1 Description of the "usageData" root attribute.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name usageData
Data Type UsageData
Description This is the Root attribute and as such is the top-level name for an instance of a 'UsageData' object. This is data model for the item usage statistics about an 'assessmentItem'.

2.3. Root Class Description

This Section is NORMATIVE.

All of the Root data classes (the first class objects that can be exchanged using the data model) used within this Information Model are described in this Section. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix A1.2.

2.3.1 UsageData Root Class Description

The data model for the "UsageData" root class is shown in Figure 2.3.1 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.3.1.

UML diagram of the UsageData class.

Figure 2.3.1 - UsageData class definitions.

Table 2.3.1 Description of the "UsageData" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name UsageData
Class Type Container [ Sequence ]
Parents None (Root Class)
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes This class is not derived from another class.
Characteristics The set of characteristics are:
Children The set of children attributes are:
Description Usage data, most commonly item statistics, do not form part of an assessmentItem directly because they always relate to some context or domain in which the statistics are valid. Therefore, this specification defines a separate class for describing these statistics. Each statistic refers to both its context and to the assessmentItem(s) it relates to. Therefore, instances of this class are bound and packaged separately for interoperability.

2.3.1.1 "glossary" Characteristic Description

The description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "UsageData" root class is given in Table 2.3.1.1

Table 2.3.1.1 Description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "UsageData" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name glossary
Data Type AnyURI (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description An optional URI that identifies the default glossary in which the names of the itemStatistics are defined. This URI should refer to the corresponding VDEX Vocabulary Identifier.

2.3.1.2 "itemStatistic" Attribute Description

The description of the "itemStatistic" attribute for the "UsageData" root class is given in Table 2.3.1.2.

Table 2.3.1.2 Description of the "itemStatistic" attribute for the "UsageData" root class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name itemStatistic
Data Type ItemStatistic
Value Space Abstract Container [ Selection ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0.. unbounded]
Description A value or set of values that describe the performance of the item within a specific context. Common measures include the item's difficulty and how well it discriminates between various candidate ability levels. This is an abstract attribute and so a feature named 'itemStatistic' will not appear in an instance. Instead, it enables the construction of a more complex 'UsageData' class based upon the multiple selections of the children of the 'ItemStatistic' class.

2.4. Data Class Descriptions

This Section is NORMATIVE.

All of the data classes used within this Information Model are described in this Section. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix A1.2.

2.4.1 CategorizedStatistic Class Description

The data model for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is shown in Figure 2.4.1 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.4.1.

UML diagram of the CategorizedStatistic class.

Figure 2.4.1 - CategorizedStatistic class definitions.

Table 2.4.1 Description of the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name CategorizedStatistic
Class Type Container [ Sequence ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes This class is not derived from another class.
Characteristics The set of characteristics are:
Children The set of children attributes are:
Description An item statistic that consists of multiple values, e.g. IRT Dispersion Parameters.

2.4.1.1 "name" Characteristic Description

The description of the "name" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.1.

Table 2.4.1.1 Description of the "name" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name name
Data Type Identifier
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description The unique identifier of the item statistic. Glossaries of identifiers defined by this specification for commonly used item and distractor statistics are defined and should be used where possible. See Vocabulary for the Exchange of Item Statistics for more details.

2.4.1.2 "glossary" Characteristic Description

The description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.2.

Table 2.4.1.2 Description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name glossary
Data Type AnyURI (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description An optional URI that identifies the glossary in which the name is defined. This value overrides any default glossary provided by the glossary attribute of the parent usageData.

2.4.1.3 "context" Characteristic Description

The description of the "context" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.3.

Table 2.4.1.3 Description of the "context" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name context
Data Type AnyURI (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description A Uniform Resource Identifier that points to information about the context within which the item statistic was created. For example, the URI may point to the sample of item scores and the specifics of computations that created item statistics. The URI may be a URL, a database index, or other valid identifier

2.4.1.4 "caseCount" Characteristic Description

The description of the "caseCount" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.4.

Table 2.4.1.4 Description of the "caseCount" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name caseCount
Data Type Integer (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The number of cases in the sample used to create the item statistic.

2.4.1.5 "stdError" Characteristic Description

The description of the "stdError" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.5.

Table 2.4.1.5 Description of the "stdError" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name stdError
Data Type Double (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The standard error of the item statistic, also known as the variance.

2.4.1.6 "stdDeviation" Characteristic Description

The description of the "stdDeviation" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.6.

Table 2.4.1.6 Description of the "stdDeviation" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name stdDeviation
Data Type Double (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The standard deviation of the item statistic (i.e. the square root of the standard error).

2.4.1.7 "lastUpdated" Characteristic Description

The description of the "lastUpdated" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.7.

Table 2.4.1.7 Description of the "lastUpdated" characteristic for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name lastUpdated
Data Type Date
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description Date of the last update to the item statistic value.

2.4.1.8 "targetObject" Attribute Description

The description of the "targetObject" attribute for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.8.

Table 2.4.1.8 Description of the "targetObject" attribute for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name targetObject
Data Type TargetObject
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1.. unbounded]
Description The targetObject is used to refer to an assessment object. This object may be an assessmentItem or some other type of object defined outside the scope of this specification, for example, an entire test. In some cases it is desirable to refer not just to the assessment object but to a specific part of that object, in which case the optional partIdentifier can be used.

2.4.1.9 "mapping" Attribute Description

The description of the "mapping" attribute for the "CategorizedStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.1.9.

Table 2.4.1.9 Description of the "mapping" attribute for the "CategorizedStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name mapping
Data Type Mapping
Value Space Container [ Sequence ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description The mapping from a source set of any baseType (except file and duration) to a single float. Note that mappings from values of base type float should be avoided due to the difficulty of matching floating point values, see the match operator for more details.

2.4.2 Mapping Class Description

The data model for the "Mapping" class is shown in Figure 2.4.2 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.4.2.

UML diagram of the Mapping class.

Figure 2.4.2 - Mapping class definitions.

Table 2.4.2 Description of the "Mapping" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name Mapping
Class Type Container [ Sequence ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes This class is not derived from another class.
Characteristics The set of characteristics are:
Children The set of children attributes are:
Description A special class used to create a mapping from a source set of any baseType (except file and duration) to a single float. Note that mappings from values of base type float should be avoided due to the difficulty of matching floating point values, see the match operator for more details. When mapping containers the result is the sum of the mapped values from the target set. See mapResponse for details.

2.4.2.1 "lowerBound" Characteristic Description

The description of the "lowerBound" characteristic for the "Mapping" class is given in Table 2.4.2.1.

Table 2.4.2.1 Description of the "lowerBound" characteristic for the "Mapping" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name lowerBound
Data Type Double (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The lower bound for the result of mapping a container. If unspecified there is no lower-bound.

2.4.2.2 "upperBound" Characteristic Description

The description of the "upperBound" characteristic for the "Mapping" class is given in Table 2.4.2.2.

Table 2.4.2.2 Description of the "upperBound" characteristic for the "Mapping" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name upperBound
Data Type Double (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The upper bound for the result of mapping a container. If unspecified there is no upper-bound.

2.4.2.3 "defaultValue" Characteristic Description

The description of the "defaultValue" characteristic for the "Mapping" class is given in Table 2.4.2.3.

Table 2.4.2.3 Description of the "defaultValue" characteristic for the "Mapping" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name defaultValue
Data Type Double (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Default = "0".
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The default value from the target set to be used when no explicit mapping for a source value is given.

2.4.2.4 "mapEntry" Attribute Description

The description of the "mapEntry" attribute for the "Mapping" class is given in Table 2.4.2.4.

Table 2.4.2.4 Description of the "mapEntry" attribute for the "Mapping" class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name mapEntry
Data Type MapEntry
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1.. unbounded]
Description The map is defined by a set of 'mapEntries', each of which maps a single value from the source set onto a single float.

2.4.3 OrdinaryStatistic Class Description

The data model for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is shown in Figure 2.4.3 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.4.3.

UML diagram of the OrdinaryStatistic class.

Figure 2.4.3 - OrdinaryStatistic class definitions.

Table 2.4.3 Description of the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name OrdinaryStatistic
Class Type Container [ Sequence ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes This class is not derived from another class.
Characteristics The set of characteristics are:
Children The set of children attributes are:
Description An item statistic that consists of a single numeric value.

2.4.3.1 "name" Characteristic Description

The description of the "name" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.1.

Table 2.4.3.1 Description of the "name" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name name
Data Type Identifier
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description The unique identifier of the item statistic. Glossaries of identifiers defined by this specification for commonly used item and distractor statistics are defined and should be used where possible. See Vocabulary for the Exchange of Item Statistics for more details.

2.4.3.2 "glossary" Characteristic Description

The description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.2.

Table 2.4.3.2 Description of the "glossary" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name glossary
Data Type AnyURI (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description An optional URI that identifies the glossary in which the name is defined. This value overrides any default glossary provided by the glossary attribute of the parent usageData.

2.4.3.3 "context" Characteristic Description

The description of the "context" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.3.

Table 2.4.3.3 Description of the "context" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name context
Data Type AnyURI (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description A Uniform Resource Identifier that points to information about the context within which the item statistic was created. For example, the URI may point to the sample of item scores and the specifics of computations that created item statistics. The URI may be a URL, a database index, or other valid identifier

2.4.3.4 "caseCount" Characteristic Description

The description of the "caseCount" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.4.

Table 2.4.3.4 Description of the "caseCount" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name caseCount
Data Type Integer (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The number of cases in the sample used to create the item statistic.

2.4.3.5 "stdError" Characteristic Description

The description of the "stdError" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.5.

Table 2.4.3.5 Description of the "stdError" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name stdError
Data Type Double (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The standard error of the item statistic, also known as the variance.

2.4.3.6 "stdDeviation" Characteristic Description

The description of the "stdDeviation" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.6.

Table 2.4.3.6 Description of the "stdDeviation" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name stdDeviation
Data Type Double (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The standard deviation of the item statistic (i.e. the square root of the standard error).

2.4.3.7 "lastUpdated" Characteristic Description

The description of the "lastUpdated" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.7.

Table 2.4.3.7 Description of the "lastUpdated" characteristic for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name lastUpdated
Data Type Date
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description Date of the last update to the item statistic value.

2.4.3.8 "targetObject" Attribute Description

The description of the "targetObject" attribute for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.8.

Table 2.4.3.8 Description of the "targetObject" attribute for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name targetObject
Data Type TargetObject
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1.. unbounded]
Description The targetObject is used to refer to an assessment object. This object may be an assessmentItem or some other type of object defined outside the scope of this specification, for example, an entire test. In some cases it is desirable to refer not just to the assessment object but to a specific part of that object, in which case the optional partIdentifier can be used.

2.4.3.9 "value" Attribute Description

The description of the "value" attribute for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class is given in Table 2.4.3.9.

Table 2.4.3.9 Description of the "value" attribute for the "OrdinaryStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name value
Data Type Value
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description The value of the associated ordinary statistic.

2.5. Abstract Class Descriptions

This Section is NORMATIVE.

All of the abstract data classes used within this Information Model are described in this Section. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix A1.2.

2.5.1 ItemStatistic Class Description

The data model for the "ItemStatistic" class is shown in Figure 2.5.1 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.5.1

UML diagram of the ItemStatistic class.

Figure 2.5.1 - ItemStatistic class definitions.

Table 2.5.1 Description of the "ItemStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name ItemStatistic
Class Type Abstract Container [ Selection ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes This class is not derived from another class.
Characteristics There are no characteristics.
Children The set of children attributes are:
Description This abstract class requires a choice of its children i.e. either an 'ordinaryStatistic' or a 'categorizedStatistic'.

2.5.1.1 "ordinaryStatistic" Attribute Description

The description of the "ordinaryStatistic" attribute for the "ItemStatistic" class is given in Table 2.5.1.1.

Table 2.5.1.1 Description of the "ordinaryStatistic" attribute for the "ItemStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name ordinaryStatistic
Data Type OrdinaryStatistic
Value Space Container [ Sequence ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description An item statistic that consists of a single numeric value.

2.5.1.2 "categorizedStatistic" Attribute Description

The description of the "categorizedStatistic" attribute for the "ItemStatistic" class is given in Table 2.5.1.2.

Table 2.5.1.2 Description of the "categorizedStatistic" attribute for the "ItemStatistic" class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name categorizedStatistic
Data Type CategorizedStatistic
Value Space Container [ Sequence ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description An item statistic that consists of multiple values, e.g. IRT Dispersion Parameters.

2.6. Derived Class Descriptions

This Section is NORMATIVE.

All of the derived data classes used within this Information Model are described in this Section. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix A1.2.

2.6.1 Date Class Description

The data model for the "Date" class is shown in Figure 2.6.1 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.6.1.

UML diagram of the Date class.

Figure 2.6.1 - Date class definitions.

Table 2.6.1 Description of the "Date" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name Date
Class Type Container [ DerivedType ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes The set of classes from which this class is derived:
Characteristics There are no characteristics.
Children The set of children attributes are:
Description The date as per the [ISO 8601] definition in the format YYYY-MM-DD.

2.6.1.1 "pattern" Attribute Description

The description of the "pattern" attribute for the "Date" class is given in Table 2.6.1.

Table 2.6.1 Description of the "pattern" attribute for the "Date" class.
Descriptor Definition
Attribute Name pattern
Data Type String (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Default = "[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}".
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description Ensures the date value is in the form YYYY-MM-DD where 'Y', 'M' and 'D' are numbers in the range 0-9.

2.6.2 Identifier Class Description

The data model for the "Identifier" class is shown in Figure 2.6.2 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.6.2.

UML diagram of the Identifier class.

Figure 2.6.2 - Identifier class definitions.

Table 2.6.2 Description of the "Identifier" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name Identifier
Class Type Container [ DerivedType ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes The set of classes from which this class is derived:
Characteristics There are no characteristics.
Children There are no children.
Description An identifier is simply a logical reference to another object in the item, such as an itemVariable or choice. An identifier is a string of characters that must start with a Letter or an underscore ('_') and contain only Letters, underscores, hyphens ('-'), period ('.', a.k.a. full-stop), Digits, CombiningChars and Extenders. Identifiers containing the period character are reserved for use in prefixing, as described in the definition of variable. The character classes Letter, Digit, CombiningChar and Extender are defined in the Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition) [XML, 00]. Note particularly that identifiers may not contain the colon (':') character. Identifiers should have no more than 32 characters for compatibility with version 1. They are always compared case-sensitively.

2.6.3 MapEntry Class Description

The data model for the "MapEntry" class is shown in Figure 2.6.3 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.6.3.

UML diagram of the MapEntry class.

Figure 2.6.3 - MapEntry class definitions.

Table 2.6.3 Description of the "MapEntry" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name MapEntry
Class Type Container [ DerivedType ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes The set of classes from which this class is derived:
Characteristics The set of characteristics are:
Children There are no children.
Description A map is defined by a set of mapEntries, each of which maps a single value from the source set onto a single float.

2.6.3.1 "mapKey" Characteristic Description

The description of the "mapKey" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class is given in Table 2.6.3.1.

Table 2.6.3.1 Description of the "mapKey" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name mapKey
Data Type NormalizedString (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description The source value.

2.6.3.2 "mappedValue" Characteristic Description

The description of the "mappedValue" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class is given in Table 2.6.3.2.

Table 2.6.3.2 Description of the "mappedValue" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name mappedValue
Data Type Double (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description The mapped value.

2.6.3.3 "caseSensitive" Characteristic Description

The description of the "caseSensitive" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class is given in Table 2.6.3.3.

Table 2.6.3.3 Description of the "caseSensitive" characteristic for the "MapEntry" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name caseSensitive
Data Type Boolean (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description Used to control whether or not a mapEntry string is matched case sensitively.

2.6.4 TargetObject Class Description

The data model for the "TargetObject" class is shown in Figure 2.6.4 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.6.4.

UML diagram of the TargetObject class.

Figure 2.6.4 - TargetObject class definitions.

Table 2.6.4 Description of the "TargetObject" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name TargetObject
Class Type Container [ DerivedType ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes The set of classes from which this class is derived:
Characteristics The set of characteristics are:
Children There are no children.
Description The targetObject is used to refer to an assessment object. This object may be an assessmentItem or some other type of object defined outside the scope of this specification, for example, an entire test. In some cases it is desirable to refer not just to the assessment object but to a specific part of that object, in which case the optional partIdentifier can be used.

2.6.4.1 "identifier" Characteristic Description

The description of the "identifier" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class is given in Table 2.6.4.1.

Table 2.6.4.1 Description of the "identifier" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name identifier
Data Type String (Primitive-type)
Value Space See Appendix A1.3.
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [1]
Description The identifier of the assessmentItem or other target object.

2.6.4.2 "partIdentifier" Characteristic Description

The description of the "partIdentifier" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class is given in Table 2.6.4.2.

Table 2.6.4.2 Description of the "partIdentifier" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name partIdentifier
Data Type Identifier
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description An optional identifier to a specific part (e.g. an itemVariable) defined within the assessment object. In the case of an assessmentItem the partIdentifier typically refers to an outcome variable but can refer to other objects identified in the same namespace, such as a specific choice within an interaction. If no partIdentifier is given the statistic is considered to refer to the target object as a whole.

2.6.4.3 "objectType" Characteristic Description

The description of the "objectType" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class is given in Table 2.6.4.3.

Table 2.6.4.3 Description of the "objectType" characteristic for the "TargetObject" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name objectType
Data Type ObjectTypeEnum
Value Space Enumerated value set of: { test | testpart | section | item | outcome | interaction | choice }
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description The type of object for which the statistics are being supplied. This is from an enumerated list.

2.6.5 Value Class Description

The data model for the "Value" class is shown in Figure 2.6.5 and the accompanying definition in Table 2.6.5.

UML diagram of the Value class.

Figure 2.6.5 - Value class definitions.

Table 2.6.5 Description of the "Value" class.
Descriptor Definition
Class Name Value
Class Type Container [ DerivedType ]
Parents The set of parent classes are:
Derived Classes There are no derived classes.
Super Classes The set of classes from which this class is derived:
Characteristics The set of characteristics are:
Children There are no children.
Description A class that can represent a single value of any baseType in variable declarations and result reports. The base-type is defined by the baseType attribute of the declaration except in the case of variables with record cardinality.

2.6.5.1 "fieldIdentifier" Characteristic Description

The description of the "fieldIdentifier" characteristic for the "Value" class is given in Table 2.6.5.1.

Table 2.6.5.1 Description of the "fieldIdentifier" characteristic for the "Value" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name fieldIdentifier
Data Type Identifier
Value Space Container [ DerivedType ]
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description This attribute is only used for specifying the field identifier for a value that forms part of a record.

2.6.5.2 "baseType" Characteristic Description

The description of the "baseType" characteristic for the "Value" class is given in Table 2.6.5.2.

Table 2.6.5.2 Description of the "baseType" characteristic for the "Value" class.
Descriptor Definition
Characteristic Name baseType
Data Type BaseTypeEnum
Value Space Enumerated value set of: { boolean | directedPair | duration | file | float | identifier | integer | pair | point | string | uri }
Scope Local ("-")
Multiplicity [0..1]
Description This attribute is only used for specifying the base-type of a value that forms part of a record.

2.7. Enumerated Vocabulary Descriptions

This Section is NORMATIVE.

All of the enumerated vocabularies used within this Information Model are described in this Section. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix A1.4.

2.7.1 BaseTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

A base-type is simply a description of a set of atomic values (atomic to this specification). Note that several of the baseTypes used to define the runtime data model have identical definitions to those of the basic data types used to define the values for attributes in the specification itself. The use of an enumeration to define the set of baseTypes used in the runtime model, as opposed to the use of classes with similar names, is designed to help distinguish between these two distinct levels of modelling. The data model for the "BaseTypeEnum" enumerated class is shown in Figure 2.7.1 and the accompanying vocabulary definition in Table 2.7.1.

UML diagram of the BaseTypeEnum class.

Figure 2.7.1 - BaseTypeEnum class definitions.

Table 2.7.1 Description of the "BaseTypeEnum" enumerated vocabulary terms.
Term Definition
boolean The set of boolean values is the same as the set of values defined by the boolean primitveType.
directedPair A directedPair value represents a pair of identifiers corresponding to a directed association between two objects. The two identifiers correspond to the source and destination objects.
duration A duration value specifies a distance (in time) between two time points. In other words, a time period as defined by [ISO 8601], but represented as a single float that records time in seconds. Durations may have a fractional part. Durations are represented using the xsd:double datatype rather than xsd:dateTime for convenience and backward compatibility.
file A file value is any sequence of octets (bytes) qualified by a content-type and an optional filename given to the file (for example, by the candidate when uploading it as part of an interaction). The content type of the file is one of the MIME types defined by [RFC 2045].
float The set of float values is the same as the set of values defined by the float primitiveType.
identifier The set of identifier values is the same as the set of values defined by the identifier class.
integer The set of integer values is the same as the set of values defined by the integer primitiveType.
pair A pair value represents a pair of identifiers corresponding to an association between two objects. The association is undirected so (A,B) and (B,A) are equivalent.
point A point value represents an integer tuple corresponding to a graphic point. The two integers correspond to the horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) positions respectively. The up/down and left/right senses of the axes are context dependent.
string The set of string values is the same as the set of values defined by the string primitiveType.
uri A URI value is a Uniform Resource Identifier as defined by [URI, 98].

2.7.2 ObjectTypeEnum Vocabulary Description

The permitted set of types of object for which statistics can be supplied. The data model for the "ObjectTypeEnum" enumerated class is shown in Figure 2.7.2 and the accompanying vocabulary definition in Table 2.7.2.

UML diagram of the ObjectTypeEnum class.

Figure 2.7.2 - ObjectTypeEnum class definitions.

Table 2.7.2 Description of the "ObjectTypeEnum" enumerated vocabulary terms.
Term Definition
choice This denotes a choice i.e. a part of a choice interaction.
interaction This denotes an IMS QTI Interaction.
item This denotes an Item inc. and IMS QTI Item.
outcome This denotes an Outcome inc. and IMS QTI Outcome.
section This denotes an IMS QTI Section.
test This denotes a Test inc. and IMS QTI Test.
testpart This denotes a TestPart inc. and IMS QTI TestPart.

2.8. External Vocabularies

This Section is NORMATIVE.

All of the external vocabularies used within this Information Model are described in this Section. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix A1.

2.8.1 "Distractor Statistics" External Vocabulary

The set of terms that would be used to collect distractor statistics. This is the value that will be entered in the 'name' element. The definition of the vocabulary is given in Table 2.8.1.

Table 2.8.1 Description of the "Distractor Statistics" external vocabulary terms.
Term Definition
AISResponse
Caption: Average Item Score for Response
Description: Equal to the mean of the item scores for the group of individuals that selected the response option.
NumberChoosingResponse
Caption: The number of people choosing a specified response or getting a specified code.
Description: Equal to the number of individuals that selected the response option. This can also be used for the number of individuals that received a certain rating on a judged item such as an essay question.
PTbis-Response
Caption: r-pointbiserial for Response
Description: A group-dependent measure of the discrimination of the response option, the pointbiserial correlation between selection of the response option and a criterion such as the total score on the test.
PercentChoosingResponse
Caption: The percent of people choosing a specified response or getting a specified code.
Description: Equal to the percent of test takers that selected the response option. This can also be used for the percent of individuals that received a certain rating on a judged item such as an essay question.

2.8.2 "Item Statistics" External Vocabulary

The set of terms that would be used to collect the item statistics. This is the value that will be entered in the 'name' element. The definition of the vocabulary is given in Table 2.8.2.

Table 2.8.2 Description of the "Item Statistics" external vocabulary terms.
Term Definition
A-Param
Caption: IRT a parameter
Description: Index of item discrimination based on item response theory.
AIS
Caption: Average Item Score
Description: A group-dependent measure of item difficulty. Equal to the mean of the item scores for a group of individuals. For a rights-only dichotomously scored test, equivalent to the percent answering the item correctly (P-value).
B-Param
Caption: IRT b parameter
Description: Index of item difficulty based on item response theory.
C-Param
Caption: IRT c parameter
Description: The lower asymptote of the item response function. Generally an index of guessing i.e. the probability of getting the item correct for very low ability examinees.
D-Param
Caption: IRT d parameter
Description: A measure of the dispersion of the item computed using the IRT method.
Fifths_Table_Highest
Caption: Fifths_Table_Highest
Description: Count of examinees in the highest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
Fifths_Table_Lowest
Caption: Fifths_Table_Lowest
Description: Count of examinees in the lowest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
Fifths_Table_Middle
Caption: Fifths_Table_Middle
Description: Count of examinees in the middle fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
Fifths_Table_Second_Highest
Caption: Fifths_Table_Second_Highest
Description: Count of examinees in the second highest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
Fifths_Table_Second_Lowest
Caption: Fifths_Table_Second_Lowest
Description: Count of examinees in the second lowest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
P-value
Caption: P-value
Description: A group-dependent measure of item difficulty. It is equal to the percent answering the item correctly.
PHI
Caption: Phi coefficient
Description: A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, Phi is the correlation of two dichotomous variables. In item analysis, it is generally the correlation between getting an item right or wrong and some dichotomous variable e.g. pass, fail.
PTbis
Caption: r-pointbiserial
Description: A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, r-pointbiserial is the point biserial correlation between the score on a dichotomous item and a criterion which is a variable that can take many possible values, such as total score on the test.
Polyserial
Caption: Polyserial
Description: The polyserial correlation is the generalization of the biserial correlation for use with either dichotomous or polytomous items. For example, it may be the generalized form of the correlation with a criterion. It is the correlation of the item score with some continuous variable, usually the total score on the test.
Score_Conversion
Caption: Score Conversion Table
Description: Raw scores and their corresponding converted values e.g. the values to be used in score reports.
rbis
Caption: r-biserial
Description: A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, r-biserial is an estimate of the biserial correlation between a latent continuous variable hypothesised to underlie performance on a dichotomous item (i.e. item score) and a criterion which is a variable that can take many possible vales, such as total score on the test.

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3. XSD Binding

3.1. XSD Binding Overview

The XSD binding is described using a set of tables derived from the UML representation and a set of XML code snippets. The binding description consists of:

An explanation of the structure and terms used XSD binding tables is given in Appendix B.

3.2. UML to XML/XSD Mapping

This Section is NOT NORMATIVE.

3.2.1 Root Attribute UML/XSD Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the UML Root Attributes to the XSD Root Elements is given in Table 3.2.1. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix B1.1.

Table 3.2.1 UML/XSD Mapping for the Root Attributes.
Attribute Name UML Class XSD Name XSD Type XSD Data Type
usageData UsageData usageData Element UsageDataDType

3.2.2 Root Class UML/XSD Mapping

The syntax and semantics for the Root Class UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.2.

3.2.2.1 UsageData Root Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "UsageData" Root Class is given in Table 3.2.2.1.

Table 3.2.2.1 UML/XSD Mapping for the "UsageData" Root Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
UsageData Root Container [ Sequence ] - N/A - UsageDataDType ComplexType
  • glossary
 Characteristic PT: AnyURI [0..1] glossary Attribute (Local)
  • ordinaryStatistic
 Attribute OrdinaryStatistic XOR [0.. *]
[1]		 ordinaryStatistic Element (Local)
  • categorizedStatistic
 Attribute CategorizedStatistic XOR [0.. *]
[1]		 categorizedStatistic Element (Local)

3.2.3 Class UML/XSD Mapping

The syntax and semantics for the Data Class UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.2.

3.2.3.1 CategorizedStatistic Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "CategorizedStatistic" Class is given in Table 3.2.3.1.

Table 3.2.3.1 UML/XSD Mapping for the "CategorizedStatistic" Core Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
CategorizedStatistic Core Container [ Sequence ] - N/A - CategorizedStatisticDType ComplexType
  • name
 Characteristic DT: Identifier (PT: NCName) [1] name Attribute (Local)
  • glossary
 Characteristic PT: AnyURI [0..1] glossary Attribute (Local)
  • context
 Characteristic PT: AnyURI [1] context Attribute (Local)
  • caseCount
 Characteristic PT: Integer [0..1] caseCount Attribute (Local)
  • stdError
 Characteristic PT: Double [0..1] stdError Attribute (Local)
  • stdDeviation
 Characteristic PT: Double [0..1] stdDeviation Attribute (Local)
  • lastUpdated
 Characteristic DT: Date (PT: Date) [0..1] lastUpdated Attribute (Local)
  • targetObject
 Attribute DT: TargetObject (PT: Empty) [1.. *] targetObject Element (Local)
  • mapping
 Attribute Mapping [1] mapping Element (Local)

3.2.3.2 Mapping Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "Mapping" Class is given in Table 3.2.3.2.

Table 3.2.3.2 UML/XSD Mapping for the "Mapping" Core Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
Mapping Core Container [ Sequence ] - N/A - MappingDType ComplexType
  • lowerBound
 Characteristic PT: Double [0..1] lowerBound Attribute (Local)
  • upperBound
 Characteristic PT: Double [0..1] upperBound Attribute (Local)
  • defaultValue
 Characteristic PT: Double [0..1] defaultValue Attribute (Local)
  • mapEntry
 Attribute DT: MapEntry (PT: Empty) [1.. *] mapEntry Element (Local)

3.2.3.3 OrdinaryStatistic Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "OrdinaryStatistic" Class is given in Table 3.2.3.3.

Table 3.2.3.3 UML/XSD Mapping for the "OrdinaryStatistic" Core Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
OrdinaryStatistic Core Container [ Sequence ] - N/A - OrdinaryStatisticDType ComplexType
  • name
 Characteristic DT: Identifier (PT: NCName) [1] name Attribute (Local)
  • glossary
 Characteristic PT: AnyURI [0..1] glossary Attribute (Local)
  • context
 Characteristic PT: AnyURI [1] context Attribute (Local)
  • caseCount
 Characteristic PT: Integer [0..1] caseCount Attribute (Local)
  • stdError
 Characteristic PT: Double [0..1] stdError Attribute (Local)
  • stdDeviation
 Characteristic PT: Double [0..1] stdDeviation Attribute (Local)
  • lastUpdated
 Characteristic DT: Date (PT: Date) [0..1] lastUpdated Attribute (Local)
  • targetObject
 Attribute DT: TargetObject (PT: Empty) [1.. *] targetObject Element (Local)
  • value
 Attribute DT: Value (PT: NormalizedString) [1] value Element (Local)

3.2.4 Derived UML/XSD Mapping

The syntax and semantics for the Derived Class UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.2.

3.2.4.1 Date Derived Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "Date" Derived Class is given in Table 3.2.4.1.

Table 3.2.4.1 UML/XSD Mapping for the "Date" Derived Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
Date Derived PT: Date - N/A - DateDType SimpleType
  • pattern
 Attribute PT: String [1] [ No XML instance visibility ] Restriction (Pattern) on the Primitive Type.

The syntax and semantics for the Derived Class UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.2.

3.2.4.2 Identifier Derived Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "Identifier" Derived Class is given in Table 3.2.4.2.

Table 3.2.4.2 UML/XSD Mapping for the "Identifier" Derived Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
Identifier Derived PT: NCName - N/A - IdentifierDType SimpleType

The syntax and semantics for the Derived Class UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.2.

3.2.4.3 MapEntry Derived Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "MapEntry" Derived Class is given in Table 3.2.4.3.

Table 3.2.4.3 UML/XSD Mapping for the "MapEntry" Derived Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
MapEntry Derived PT: Empty - N/A - MapEntryDType ComplexType
  • mapKey
 Characteristic PT: NormalizedString [1] mapKey Attribute (Local)
  • mappedValue
 Characteristic PT: Double [1] mappedValue Attribute (Local)
  • caseSensitive
 Characteristic PT: Boolean [0..1] caseSensitive Attribute (Local)

The syntax and semantics for the Derived Class UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.2.

3.2.4.4 TargetObject Derived Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "TargetObject" Derived Class is given in Table 3.2.4.4.

Table 3.2.4.4 UML/XSD Mapping for the "TargetObject" Derived Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
TargetObject Derived PT: Empty - N/A - TargetObjectDType ComplexType
  • identifier
 Characteristic PT: String [1] identifier Attribute (Local)
  • partIdentifier
 Characteristic DT: Identifier (PT: NCName) [0..1] partIdentifier Attribute (Local)
  • objectType
 Characteristic [ Enumeration (ObjectTypeEnum) ] [0..1] objectType Attribute (Local)

The syntax and semantics for the Derived Class UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.2.

3.2.4.5 Value Derived Class Mapping

The UML/XSD Mapping for the "Value" Derived Class is given in Table 3.2.4.5.

Table 3.2.4.5 UML/XSD Mapping for the "Value" Derived Class.
Information Model Details XSD Binding Details
Name UML Artefact Data Type Multiplicity Name Type
Value Derived PT: NormalizedString - N/A - ValueDType ComplexType
  • fieldIdentifier
 Characteristic DT: Identifier (PT: NCName) [0..1] fieldIdentifier Attribute (Local)
  • baseType
 Characteristic [ Enumeration (BaseTypeEnum) ] [0..1] baseType Attribute (Local)

3.2.5 Enumerated Class UML/XSD Mapping

The definition of the set of enumerated data-types used in this specification is given in Table 3.2.5. The syntax and semantics for the Enumerated Class UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.3.

Table 3.2.5 The UML/XSD Map Enumerated Class Definitions.
Enumeration Class Name Description
BaseTypeEnum Enumerated value set of: { boolean | directedPair | duration | file | float | identifier | integer | pair | point | string | uri }.
ObjectTypeEnum Enumerated value set of: { test | testpart | section | item | outcome | interaction | choice }.

3.2.6 Enumerated List Class UML/XSD Mapping

There are no enumerated list class definitions.

3.2.7 List Class UML/XSD Mapping

There are no list class definitions.

3.2.8 Union Class UML/XSD Mapping

There are no union class definitions.

3.2.9 Primitive Type UML/XSD Mapping

The definition of the set of primitive data-types used in this specification is given in Table 3.2.9. The syntax and semantics for the Primitive Type UML/XSD mapping representations is described in Appendix B1.5.

Table 3.2.9 The UML/XSD Map Primitive Type Definitions.
Primitive Type Name Description
AnyURI This is mapped to the XML "xs:anyURI" data-type.
Boolean This is mapped to the XML "xs:boolean" data-type.
Date This is mapped to the XML "xs:date" data-type.
Double This is mapped to the XML "xs:double" data-type.
Empty This is used to denote an element that will not contain a value i.e. it is empty. Within the XSD a Special Data-type is declared called "EmptyPrimitiveType.Type". This ensures that the associated element has NO children (but it will have XML attributes). The XSD code is: 
<xs:complexType name="EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType">
    <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType" />
    </xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType>
Integer This is mapped to the XML "xs:integer" data-type.
NCName This is mapped to the XML "xs:NCName" data-type.
NormalizedString This is mapped to the XML "xs:normalizedString" data-type.
String This is mapped to the XML "xs:string" data-type.

3.3. Filenames and Namespaces

This Section is NORMATIVE.

3.3.1 Target Namespace Details

Target Namespace: http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Schema Location: https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/schema/xsd/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_v1p0.xsd

3.3.2 Imported Namespace Details

There are no imported classes.

3.3.3 Implicit Namespace Details

Feature: XSD Language
Namespace: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
Schema Location: XML Processor Resolved.
Prefix: xs

3.4. Description of the XSD

This Section is NORMATIVE.

3.4.1 Root Element Descriptions

The syntax and semantics for the Root Element XSD representations is described in Appendix B1.6.

3.4.1.1 "usageData" Root Element Description

The XSD description for the "usageData" Root Element is given in Table 3.4.1.1.

Table 3.4.1.1 XSD description for the "usageData" Root Element.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the usageData root element.
Type UsageDataDType
Properties
Content simple
MinOccurs 1
MaxOccurs 1
Model ( ordinaryStatistic{1..1} | categorizedStatistic{1..1} ){0..*}
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
glossary xs:anyURI No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:element name="usageData" type="UsageDataDType" />

3.4.2 Global Element Descriptions

There are no global elements.

3.4.3 Attribute Group Descriptions

There are no attribute groups.

3.4.4 Root Complex Type Descriptions

The syntax and semantics for the Root ComplexType XSD representations is described in Appendix B1.7.

3.4.4.1 UsageDataDType Root Complex Type Description

The XSD description for the "UsageDataDType" Root ComplexType is given in Table 3.4.4.1.

Table 3.4.4.1 XSD description for the "UsageDataDType" Root Complex Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Annotations Usage data, most commonly item statistics, do not form part of an assessmentItem directly because they always relate to some context or domain in which the statistics are valid. Therefore, this specification defines a separate class for describing these statistics. Each statistic refers to both its context and to the assessmentItem(s) it relates to. Therefore, instances of this class are bound and packaged separately for interoperability.
Diagram XSD diagram of the UsageData root complexType.
Properties
Abstract false
Mixed false
Used by
Root Elements usageData
Model ( ordinaryStatistic{1..1} | categorizedStatistic{1..1} ){0..*}
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
glossary xs:anyURI No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:complexType name="UsageDataDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
    <xs:sequence>
        <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:element name="ordinaryStatistic" type="OrdinaryStatisticDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="categorizedStatistic" type="CategorizedStatisticDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
        </xs:choice>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
</xs:complexType>
"glossary" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "glossary" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "glossary/UsageDataDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:anyURI
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
"ordinaryStatistic" Local Element Description

The XSD description for the "ordinaryStatistic" Local Element is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "ordinaryStatistic/UsageDataDType" Local Element.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the ordinaryStatistic local element in the ItemStatistic root class.
Type OrdinaryStatisticDType
Properties
Content complex
MinOccurs 1
MaxOccurs 1
Mixed false
Model targetObject{1..*}, value{1..1}
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
name IdentifierDType No Local Required -
glossary xs:anyURI No Local Optional -
context xs:anyURI No Local Required -
caseCount xs:integer No Local Optional -
stdError xs:double No Local Optional -
stdDeviation xs:double No Local Optional -
lastUpdated DateDType No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:element name="ordinaryStatistic" type="OrdinaryStatisticDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
"categorizedStatistic" Local Element Description

The XSD description for the "categorizedStatistic" Local Element is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "categorizedStatistic/UsageDataDType" Local Element.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the categorizedStatistic local element in the ItemStatistic root class.
Type CategorizedStatisticDType
Properties
Content complex
MinOccurs 1
MaxOccurs 1
Mixed false
Model targetObject{1..*}, mapping{1..1}
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
name IdentifierDType No Local Required -
glossary xs:anyURI No Local Optional -
context xs:anyURI No Local Required -
caseCount xs:integer No Local Optional -
stdError xs:double No Local Optional -
stdDeviation xs:double No Local Optional -
lastUpdated DateDType No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:element name="categorizedStatistic" type="CategorizedStatisticDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />

3.4.5 Core Complex Type Descriptions

The syntax and semantics for the Core ComplexType XSD representations is described in Appendix B1.7.

3.4.5.1 "CategorizedStatisticDType" Core Complex Type Description

The XSD description for the "CategorizedStatisticDType" Core ComplexType is given in Table 3.4.5.1.

Table 3.4.5.1 XSD description for the "CategorizedStatisticDType" Core Complex Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Annotations An item statistic that consists of multiple values, e.g. IRT Dispersion Parameters.
Diagram XSD diagram of the CategorizedStatistic core complexType.
Properties
Abstract false
Mixed false
Used by
Elements categorizedStatistic/UsageDataDType
Model targetObject{1..*}, mapping{1..1}
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
name IdentifierDType No Local Required -
glossary xs:anyURI No Local Optional -
context xs:anyURI No Local Required -
caseCount xs:integer No Local Optional -
stdError xs:double No Local Optional -
stdDeviation xs:double No Local Optional -
lastUpdated DateDType No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:complexType name="CategorizedStatisticDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
    <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="targetObject" type="TargetObjectDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
        <xs:element name="mapping" type="MappingDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attribute name="name" use="required" type="IdentifierDType" />
    <xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
    <xs:attribute name="context" use="required" type="xs:anyURI" />
    <xs:attribute name="caseCount" use="optional" type="xs:integer" />
    <xs:attribute name="stdError" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
    <xs:attribute name="stdDeviation" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
    <xs:attribute name="lastUpdated" use="optional" type="DateDType" />
</xs:complexType>
"name" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "name" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "name/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type IdentifierDType
Properties
Use required
Source 
<xs:attribute name="name" use="required" type="IdentifierDType" />
"glossary" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "glossary" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "glossary/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:anyURI
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
"context" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "context" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "context/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:anyURI
Properties
Use required
Source 
<xs:attribute name="context" use="required" type="xs:anyURI" />
"caseCount" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "caseCount" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "caseCount/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:integer
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="caseCount" use="optional" type="xs:integer" />
"stdError" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "stdError" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "stdError/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:double
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="stdError" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
"stdDeviation" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "stdDeviation" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "stdDeviation/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:double
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="stdDeviation" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
"lastUpdated" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "lastUpdated" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "lastUpdated/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type DateDType
Properties
Use optional
Facets
Pattern [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}
Source 
<xs:attribute name="lastUpdated" use="optional" type="DateDType" />
"targetObject" Local Element Description

The XSD description for the "targetObject" Local Element is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "targetObject/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Element.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the targetObject local element in the CategorizedStatistic core class.
Type TargetObjectDType
Type Hierarchy EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType
^---TargetObjectDType
Properties
Content simple
MinOccurs 1
MaxOccurs unbounded
Model Empty
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
identifier xs:string No Local Required -
partIdentifier IdentifierDType No Local Optional -
objectType [ Enumeration ] No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:element name="targetObject" type="TargetObjectDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
"mapping" Local Element Description

The XSD description for the "mapping" Local Element is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "mapping/CategorizedStatisticDType" Local Element.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the mapping local element in the CategorizedStatistic core class.
Type MappingDType
Properties
Content complex
MinOccurs 1
MaxOccurs 1
Mixed false
Model mapEntry{1..*}
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
lowerBound xs:double No Local Optional -
upperBound xs:double No Local Optional -
defaultValue xs:double No Local Optional 0
Source 
<xs:element name="mapping" type="MappingDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />

3.4.5.2 "MappingDType" Core Complex Type Description

The XSD description for the "MappingDType" Core ComplexType is given in Table 3.4.5.2.

Table 3.4.5.2 XSD description for the "MappingDType" Core Complex Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Annotations A special class used to create a mapping from a source set of any baseType (except file and duration) to a single float. Note that mappings from values of base type float should be avoided due to the difficulty of matching floating point values, see the match operator for more details. When mapping containers the result is the sum of the mapped values from the target set. See mapResponse for details.
Diagram XSD diagram of the Mapping core complexType.
Properties
Abstract false
Mixed false
Used by
Elements mapping/CategorizedStatisticDType
Model mapEntry{1..*}
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
lowerBound xs:double No Local Optional -
upperBound xs:double No Local Optional -
defaultValue xs:double No Local Optional 0
Source 
<xs:complexType name="MappingDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
    <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="mapEntry" type="MapEntryDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attribute name="lowerBound" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
    <xs:attribute name="upperBound" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
    <xs:attribute name="defaultValue" use="optional" default="0" type="xs:double" />
</xs:complexType>
"lowerBound" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "lowerBound" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "lowerBound/MappingDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:double
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="lowerBound" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
"upperBound" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "upperBound" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "upperBound/MappingDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:double
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="upperBound" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
"defaultValue" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "defaultValue" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "defaultValue/MappingDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:double
Properties
Use optional
Default 0
Source 
<xs:attribute name="defaultValue" use="optional" default="0" type="xs:double" />
"mapEntry" Local Element Description

The XSD description for the "mapEntry" Local Element is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "mapEntry/MappingDType" Local Element.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the mapEntry local element in the Mapping core class.
Type MapEntryDType
Type Hierarchy EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType
^---MapEntryDType
Properties
Content simple
MinOccurs 1
MaxOccurs unbounded
Model Empty
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
mapKey xs:normalizedString No Local Required -
mappedValue xs:double No Local Required -
caseSensitive xs:boolean No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:element name="mapEntry" type="MapEntryDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />

3.4.5.3 "OrdinaryStatisticDType" Core Complex Type Description

The XSD description for the "OrdinaryStatisticDType" Core ComplexType is given in Table 3.4.5.3.

Table 3.4.5.3 XSD description for the "OrdinaryStatisticDType" Core Complex Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Annotations An item statistic that consists of a single numeric value.
Diagram XSD diagram of the OrdinaryStatistic core complexType.
Properties
Abstract false
Mixed false
Used by
Elements ordinaryStatistic/UsageDataDType
Model targetObject{1..*}, value{1..1}
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
name IdentifierDType No Local Required -
glossary xs:anyURI No Local Optional -
context xs:anyURI No Local Required -
caseCount xs:integer No Local Optional -
stdError xs:double No Local Optional -
stdDeviation xs:double No Local Optional -
lastUpdated DateDType No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:complexType name="OrdinaryStatisticDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
    <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="targetObject" type="TargetObjectDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
        <xs:element name="value" type="ValueDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attribute name="name" use="required" type="IdentifierDType" />
    <xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
    <xs:attribute name="context" use="required" type="xs:anyURI" />
    <xs:attribute name="caseCount" use="optional" type="xs:integer" />
    <xs:attribute name="stdError" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
    <xs:attribute name="stdDeviation" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
    <xs:attribute name="lastUpdated" use="optional" type="DateDType" />
</xs:complexType>
"name" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "name" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "name/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type IdentifierDType
Properties
Use required
Source 
<xs:attribute name="name" use="required" type="IdentifierDType" />
"glossary" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "glossary" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "glossary/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:anyURI
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
"context" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "context" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "context/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:anyURI
Properties
Use required
Source 
<xs:attribute name="context" use="required" type="xs:anyURI" />
"caseCount" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "caseCount" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "caseCount/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:integer
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="caseCount" use="optional" type="xs:integer" />
"stdError" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "stdError" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "stdError/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:double
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="stdError" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
"stdDeviation" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "stdDeviation" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "stdDeviation/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:double
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="stdDeviation" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
"lastUpdated" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "lastUpdated" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "lastUpdated/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type DateDType
Properties
Use optional
Facets
Pattern [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}
Source 
<xs:attribute name="lastUpdated" use="optional" type="DateDType" />
"targetObject" Local Element Description

The XSD description for the "targetObject" Local Element is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "targetObject/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Element.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the targetObject local element in the OrdinaryStatistic core class.
Type TargetObjectDType
Type Hierarchy EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType
^---TargetObjectDType
Properties
Content simple
MinOccurs 1
MaxOccurs unbounded
Model Empty
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
identifier xs:string No Local Required -
partIdentifier IdentifierDType No Local Optional -
objectType [ Enumeration ] No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:element name="targetObject" type="TargetObjectDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
"value" Local Element Description

The XSD description for the "value" Local Element is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "value/OrdinaryStatisticDType" Local Element.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the value local element in the OrdinaryStatistic core class.
Type ValueDType
Properties
Content simple
MinOccurs 1
MaxOccurs 1
Model N/A
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
fieldIdentifier IdentifierDType No Local Optional -
baseType [ Enumeration ] No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:element name="value" type="ValueDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />

3.4.6 Derived Complex Type Descriptions

The syntax and semantics for the Derived ComplexType XSD representations is described in Appendix B1.7.

3.4.6.1 "MapEntryDType" Derived Complex Type Description

The XSD description for the "MapEntryDType" Derived Complex Type is given in Table 3.4.6.1.

Table 3.4.6.1 XSD description for the "MapEntryDType" Derived Complex Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Annotations A map is defined by a set of mapEntries, each of which maps a single value from the source set onto a single float.
Diagram XSD diagram of the MapEntry derived complexType.
Type Hierarchy EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType
^---MapEntryDType
Properties
Abstract false
Mixed false
Used by
Elements mapEntry/MappingDType
Model Empty
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
mapKey xs:normalizedString No Local Required -
mappedValue xs:double No Local Required -
caseSensitive xs:boolean No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:complexType name="MapEntryDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
    <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:extension base="EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType">
            <xs:attribute name="mapKey" use="required" type="xs:normalizedString" />
            <xs:attribute name="mappedValue" use="required" type="xs:double" />
            <xs:attribute name="caseSensitive" use="optional" type="xs:boolean" />
        </xs:extension>
    </xs:simpleType>
</xs:complexType>
"mapKey" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "mapKey" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "mapKey/MapEntryDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:normalizedString
Properties
Use required
Source 
<xs:attribute name="mapKey" use="required" type="xs:normalizedString" />
"mappedValue" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "mappedValue" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "mappedValue/MapEntryDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:double
Properties
Use required
Source 
<xs:attribute name="mappedValue" use="required" type="xs:double" />
"caseSensitive" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "caseSensitive" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "caseSensitive/MapEntryDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:boolean
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="caseSensitive" use="optional" type="xs:boolean" />

3.4.6.2 "TargetObjectDType" Derived Complex Type Description

The XSD description for the "TargetObjectDType" Derived Complex Type is given in Table 3.4.6.2.

Table 3.4.6.2 XSD description for the "TargetObjectDType" Derived Complex Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Annotations The targetObject is used to refer to an assessment object. This object may be an assessmentItem or some other type of object defined outside the scope of this specification, for example, an entire test. In some cases it is desirable to refer not just to the assessment object but to a specific part of that object, in which case the optional partIdentifier can be used.
Diagram XSD diagram of the TargetObject derived complexType.
Type Hierarchy EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType
^---TargetObjectDType
Properties
Abstract false
Mixed false
Used by
Elements targetObject/CategorizedStatisticDType, targetObject/OrdinaryStatisticDType
Model Empty
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
identifier xs:string No Local Required -
partIdentifier IdentifierDType No Local Optional -
objectType [ Enumeration ] No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:complexType name="TargetObjectDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
    <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:extension base="EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType">
            <xs:attribute name="identifier" use="required" type="xs:string" />
            <xs:attribute name="partIdentifier" use="optional" type="IdentifierDType" />
            <xs:attribute name="objectType" use="optional">
                <xs:simpleType>
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                            The permitted set of types of object for which statistics can be supplied.                
                        </xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                        <xs:enumeration value="test" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="testpart" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="section" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="item" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="outcome" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="interaction" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="choice" />
                    </xs:restriction>
                </xs:simpleType>
            </xs:attribute>
        </xs:extension>
    </xs:simpleType>
</xs:complexType>
"identifier" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "identifier" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "identifier/TargetObjectDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type xs:string
Properties
Use required
Source 
<xs:attribute name="identifier" use="required" type="xs:string" />
"partIdentifier" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "partIdentifier" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "partIdentifier/TargetObjectDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type IdentifierDType
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="partIdentifier" use="optional" type="IdentifierDType" />
"objectType" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "objectType" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "objectType/TargetObjectDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type Enumeration [Restriction of "xs:string"]
Properties
Use optional
Facets
Enumeration test
Enumeration testpart
Enumeration section
Enumeration item
Enumeration outcome
Enumeration interaction
Enumeration choice
Source 
<xs:attribute name="objectType" use="optional">
    <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
            <xs:enumeration value="test" />
            <xs:enumeration value="testpart" />
            <xs:enumeration value="section" />
            <xs:enumeration value="item" />
            <xs:enumeration value="outcome" />
            <xs:enumeration value="interaction" />
            <xs:enumeration value="choice" />
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>
</xs:attribute>

3.4.6.3 "ValueDType" Derived Complex Type Description

The XSD description for the "ValueDType" Derived Complex Type is given in Table 3.4.6.3.

Table 3.4.6.3 XSD description for the "ValueDType" Derived Complex Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Annotations A class that can represent a single value of any baseType in variable declarations and result reports. The base-type is defined by the baseType attribute of the declaration except in the case of variables with record cardinality.
Diagram XSD diagram of the Value derived complexType.
Properties
Abstract false
Mixed false
Used by
Elements value/OrdinaryStatisticDType
Model N/A
Attributes
QName Type Inherited Scope Use Default
fieldIdentifier IdentifierDType No Local Optional -
baseType [ Enumeration ] No Local Optional -
Source 
<xs:complexType name="ValueDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
    <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:extension base="xs:normalizedString">
            <xs:attribute name="fieldIdentifier" use="optional" type="IdentifierDType" />
            <xs:attribute name="baseType" use="optional">
                <xs:simpleType>
                    <xs:annotation>
                        <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                            A base-type is simply a description of a set of atomic values (atomic to this specificati-
                            on). Note that several of the baseTypes used to define the runtime data model have identi-
                            cal definitions to those of the basic data types used to define the values for attributes 
                            in the specification itself. The use of an enumeration to define the set of baseTypes used
                            in the runtime model, as opposed to the use of classes with similar names, is designed to 
                            help distinguish between these two distinct levels of modelling.                          
                        </xs:documentation>
                    </xs:annotation>
                    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                        <xs:enumeration value="boolean" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="directedPair" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="duration" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="file" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="float" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="identifier" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="integer" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="pair" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="point" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="string" />
                        <xs:enumeration value="uri" />
                    </xs:restriction>
                </xs:simpleType>
            </xs:attribute>
        </xs:extension>
    </xs:simpleType>
</xs:complexType>
"fieldIdentifier" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "fieldIdentifier" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "fieldIdentifier/ValueDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type IdentifierDType
Properties
Use optional
Source 
<xs:attribute name="fieldIdentifier" use="optional" type="IdentifierDType" />
"baseType" Local Attribute Description

The XSD description for the "baseType" Local Attribute is given in the Table below.

Table - XSD description for the "baseType/ValueDType" Local Attribute.
Namespace No namespace.
Type Enumeration [Restriction of "xs:string"]
Properties
Use optional
Facets
Enumeration boolean
Enumeration directedPair
Enumeration duration
Enumeration file
Enumeration float
Enumeration identifier
Enumeration integer
Enumeration pair
Enumeration point
Enumeration string
Enumeration uri
Source 
<xs:attribute name="baseType" use="optional">
    <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
            <xs:enumeration value="boolean" />
            <xs:enumeration value="directedPair" />
            <xs:enumeration value="duration" />
            <xs:enumeration value="file" />
            <xs:enumeration value="float" />
            <xs:enumeration value="identifier" />
            <xs:enumeration value="integer" />
            <xs:enumeration value="pair" />
            <xs:enumeration value="point" />
            <xs:enumeration value="string" />
            <xs:enumeration value="uri" />
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>
</xs:attribute>

3.4.7 Simple Type Descriptions

The syntax and semantics for the SimpleType XSD representations is described in Appendix B1.8.

3.4.7.1 "DateDType" Simple Type Description

The XSD description for the "DateDType" SimpleType is given in Table 3.4.7.1.

Table 3.4.7.1 XSD description for the "DateDType" Simple Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the Date simpleType.
Type xs:date
Facets
Pattern [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}
Used by
Attributes lastUpdated/CategorizedStatisticDType, lastUpdated/OrdinaryStatisticDType
Source 
<xs:simpleType name="DateDType">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:date">
        <xs:pattern value="[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}" />
    </xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>

3.4.7.2 "IdentifierDType" Simple Type Description

The XSD description for the "IdentifierDType" SimpleType is given in Table 3.4.7.2.

Table 3.4.7.2 XSD description for the "IdentifierDType" Simple Type.
Namespace http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0
Diagram XSD diagram of the Identifier simpleType.
Type xs:NCName
Used by
Attributes name/CategorizedStatisticDType, name/OrdinaryStatisticDType, partIdentifier/TargetObjectDType, fieldIdentifier/ValueDType
Source 
<xs:simpleType name="IdentifierDType">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:NCName" />
</xs:simpleType>

3.5. The Schematron Rules

This Section is NORMATIVE.

There are no schematron rules used in this XSD binding of the specification.

3.6. The VDEX Vocabulary Bindings

Each external vocabulary is bound to an IMS VDEX instance and is described in this Section. The syntax and semantics for this representation is described in Appendix B1.11.

3.6.1 "Distractor Statistics" Vocabulary VDEX Binding Description

The set of terms that would be used to collect distractor statistics. This is the value that will be entered in the 'name' element. The VDEX description for the "Distractor Statistics" vocabulary is given in Table 3.6.1.

Table 3.6.1 VDEX description for the "Distractor Statistics" Vocabulary.
Name IMS Global QTI Glossary of Terms for Usage Data Distractor Statistics
Identifier http://www.imsglobal.org/qti/qtiv3p0/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_distractorstatisticsglossary_v1p0
Location https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/vocab/vdex/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_distractorstatisticsglossary_v1p0.xml
Type glossaryOrDictionary
Publisher IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.
Keywords QTI 3.0, Usage Data, Distractor Statistics Glossary
Terms
Name Status Caption Description
AISResponse Final Average Item Score for Response Equal to the mean of the item scores for the group of individuals that selected the response option.
NumberChoosingResponse Final The number of people choosing a specified response or getting a specified code. Equal to the number of individuals that selected the response option. This can also be used for the number of individuals that received a certain rating on a judged item such as an essay question.
PTbis-Response Final r-pointbiserial for Response A group-dependent measure of the discrimination of the response option, the pointbiserial correlation between selection of the response option and a criterion such as the total score on the test.
PercentChoosingResponse Final The percent of people choosing a specified response or getting a specified code. Equal to the percent of test takers that selected the response option. This can also be used for the percent of individuals that received a certain rating on a judged item such as an essay question.

3.6.2 "Item Statistics" Vocabulary VDEX Binding Description

The set of terms that would be used to collect the item statistics. This is the value that will be entered in the 'name' element. The VDEX description for the "Item Statistics" vocabulary is given in Table 3.6.2.

Table 3.6.2 VDEX description for the "Item Statistics" Vocabulary.
Name IMS Global QTI Glossary of Terms for Usage Data Item Statistics
Identifier http://www.imsglobal.org/qti/qtiv3p0/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_itemstatisticsglossary_v1p0
Location https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/vocab/vdex/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_itemstatisticsglossary_v1p0.xml
Type glossaryOrDictionary
Publisher IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.
Keywords QTI 3.0, Usage Data, Item Statistics Glossary
Terms
Name Status Caption Description
A-Param Final IRT a parameter Index of item discrimination based on item response theory.
AIS Final Average Item Score A group-dependent measure of item difficulty. Equal to the mean of the item scores for a group of individuals. For a rights-only dichotomously scored test, equivalent to the percent answering the item correctly (P-value).
B-Param Final IRT b parameter Index of item difficulty based on item response theory.
C-Param Final IRT c parameter The lower asymptote of the item response function. Generally an index of guessing i.e. the probability of getting the item correct for very low ability examinees.
D-Param Final IRT d parameter A measure of the dispersion of the item computed using the IRT method.
Fifths_Table_Highest Final Fifths_Table_Highest Count of examinees in the highest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
Fifths_Table_Lowest Final Fifths_Table_Lowest Count of examinees in the lowest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
Fifths_Table_Middle Final Fifths_Table_Middle Count of examinees in the middle fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
Fifths_Table_Second_Highest Final Fifths_Table_Second_Highest Count of examinees in the second highest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
Fifths_Table_Second_Lowest Final Fifths_Table_Second_Lowest Count of examinees in the second lowest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.
P-value Final P-value A group-dependent measure of item difficulty. It is equal to the percent answering the item correctly.
PHI Final Phi coefficient A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, Phi is the correlation of two dichotomous variables. In item analysis, it is generally the correlation between getting an item right or wrong and some dichotomous variable e.g. pass, fail.
PTbis Final r-pointbiserial A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, r-pointbiserial is the point biserial correlation between the score on a dichotomous item and a criterion which is a variable that can take many possible values, such as total score on the test.
Polyserial Final Polyserial The polyserial correlation is the generalization of the biserial correlation for use with either dichotomous or polytomous items. For example, it may be the generalized form of the correlation with a criterion. It is the correlation of the item score with some continuous variable, usually the total score on the test.
Score_Conversion Final Score Conversion Table Raw scores and their corresponding converted values e.g. the values to be used in score reports.
rbis Final r-biserial A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, r-biserial is an estimate of the biserial correlation between a latent continuous variable hypothesised to underlie performance on a dichotomous item (i.e. item score) and a criterion which is a variable that can take many possible vales, such as total score on the test.

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4. Extending and Profiling the Data Model

This Section is NOT NORMATIVE.

4.1. Extending the Data Model

The QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics specification contains NO extension points. Any proprietary extension is non-conformant. The behavior of a system that receives a QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics instance that contains proprietary extensions in undefined (however a system should handle such violations in a controlled manner).

The Usage Data & Item Statistics external vocabularies (contained in the VDEX files) can be extended to support proprietary terms. It is recommended that IMS be informed of such changes so that the new additions can be formally adopted. The proprietary terms must be marked as such in the 'status' field of the term in the VDEX file. It may be appropriate to give the changed VDEX file a new name and identifier.

4.2. Profiling the Data Model

This specification may be profiled. A profile must be formal subset of the base specification. This ensures that, with the exception of namespace/schema location changes, any instance which is compliant to the profile MUST also be compliant to the base specification. This means that a profile must only increase the constraints on the properties of the data model. For example, an element with a multiplicity of [0..1] can have this changed to [1..1] but NOT [0..*]. Proprietary extensions are ONLY permitted as defined by the base specification.

It is strongly recommended that a profile of this specification is undertaken either by, or with the close support, of IMS Global. However, no matter who is responsible for creating the profile artefacts (documents, XSDs, etc.), it is strongly recommended that the IMS specification tools are used. This will ensure that the artefacts are consistent with the base specifications and that useful support documentation is automatically produced e.g. creation of a document that summarises the differences between the base specification and the profile. Organizations wishing to produce a profile of this specification should contact Lisa Mattson (IMS Global Chief Operations Officer) at: lmattson@imsglobal.org.

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5. Best Practices and Implementation Guide

This Section is NOT NORMATIVE.

5.1. Relationship to Other IMS Speceifications

5.1.1. QTI Assessment, Section and Item (ASI)

The IMS QTI Assessment, Section and Item (ASI) 3.0 specification [QTI, 21a], and the priorQTI ASI 2.2 and QTI ASI 2.1 versions, defines the exchange structure for Tests and Items. The Usage Data & Item Statistics could be used to report the appropriate information for the same set of Items described in the ASI instance. Identification of the Item, or other assessment component, is achieved using the 'targetObject' property in the Usage Data & Item Statistics data model. This value must be the same as the corresponding identifier in the 'qti-assessment-item' property in the ASI data model. The QTI 3.0 Usage Data & Item Statistics can be used to provide information on QTI Items defined as QTI versions 2.1, 2.2 and 3.0.

5.1.2. QTI Results Reporting

The IMS QTI Results Reporting 3.0 specification [QTI, 21c], and the prior QTI Results Reporting 2.2 version, define interoperability for the reporting of the detailed responses, scores and results for a learner undertaking a Test. The Usage Data & Item Statistics could be used to report the appropriate information for the same set of Items described in the Results Reporting instance. Identification of the Item, or other assessment component, is achieved using the 'targetObject' property in the Usage Data & Item Statistics data model. This value must be the same as the corresponding identifier in the 'assessmentResult' property in the Results Reporting data model.

5.1.3. Content Packaging

QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics XML instances can be exchanged in two forms:

5.2. Implementation Guidance

5.2.1. Defining the Usage Data Context

Every 'ordinaryStatistic' and 'categorizedStatistic' element is required to have a valid URI value for the 'context' attribute. This value should uniquely identify the usage context under which the item usage data was generated. The URI may be a URN or a URL. In the case of a URN, it is recommended it implements the scheme for a federated content collection [RFC 4198]. An example is:

...
<ordinaryStatistic name="P-Value" context="urn:fdc:datarecognitioncorp.com:1998:education/ideas/test/test-106391" caseCount="999999" stdError="0.00" lastUpdated="2012-04-26">
    <targetObject identifier="item-513728" objectType="item"/>
    <value>78.1234</value>
</ordinaryStatistic>
...

5.2.2. Defining the Target Object

The 'targetObject 'element identifies the target assessment object to which the statistic applies. The target object is identified using the 'identifier' attribute and optionally a 'partIdentifier' attribute. The 'identifier 'attribute identifies the base object such as an item or an assessment test, and the optional 'partIdentifier' can then identify a part within the target object such as an interaction or an outcome within an item. The target object type is identified using the 'objectType' attribute. It can have the value test, testpart, section, item, outcome, interaction or choice.

5.2.3. Defining Custom Statistics

Custom statistics can be added by giving them a unique name. To avoid possible naming collisions, it is recommended that custom statistic names have a prefix (all lower-case) that is unique to the organization defining the statistic. For example "drcOutfitt".

5.2.4. Packaging Usage Data

Usage data files should only contain statistics belonging to a single context. This allows for each file to be packaged as a separate resource that can have its own metadata describing the usage data context and content.

Below is an example package manifest referencing usage data files generated from the results of a grade 4 math test including the dependent test and item objects. An analysis of gender bias was conducted between the male and female participants resulting in three usage data files; one for each gender and another for the combined total result. Machine-readable metadata is provided with the test and item objects to help define the usage context.

<manifest xmlns="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/qti/qtiv3p0/imscp_v1p1"
          xmlns:lom="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
  <metadata>
       <schema>QTI Package</schema>
       <schemaVersion>3.0.0</schemaVersion>
       <lom:lom>
        ...
       </lom:lom>
  </metadata>
  <organizations/>
  <resources>
     <resource identifier="USAGE-TOTAL-TEST-106391" type="qtiusagedata/xml" href="USAGE-TOTAL-TEST-106391.xml">
       <metadata>
         <lom:lom>
          ...
         </lom:lom>
      </metadata>
      <file href="USAGE-TOTAL-TEST-106391.xml"/>
    </resource>
    <resource identifier="USAGE-MALE-TEST-106391" type="qtiusagedata/xml" href="USAGE-MALE-TEST-106391.xml">
       <metadata>
         <lom:lom>
          ...
         </lom:lom>
      </metadata>
      <file href="USAGE-MALE-TEST-106391.xml"/>
    </resource>
    <resource identifier="USAGE-FEMALE-TEST-106391" type="qtiusagedata/xml" href="USAGE-FEMALE-TEST-106391.xml">
       <metadata>
         <lom:lom>
          ...
         </lom:lom>
      </metadata>
      <file href="USAGE-FEMALE-TEST-106391.xml"/>
    </resource>
  </resources>
</manifest>

The full example package Usage Data Package can be downloaded. The key points to note are:

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6. Conformance and Certification

This Section is NORMATIVE.

6.1. The Conformance Process

The process for conformance testing implementations of QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics includes the following:

All Tests for the appropriate operational modes must be passed successfully to be considered IMS compliant.

6.2. System Import Conformance

The functionality of systems that support the IMPORT of QTI Usage Data & Item statistics 3.0 XML instances is:

6.3. System Export Conformance

The functionality of systems that support the EXPORT of QTI Usage Data & Item statistics 3.0 XML instances is:

6.4. System Certifications

A system that successfully achieves QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics 3.0 certification will have a certain set of functional capabilities. QTI certification does NOT guarantee interoperability between ALL other QTI compliant solutions. The IMS Product Directory MUST be used for the definitive information about interoperability.

For QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics 3.0 systems there are two types of certification:

Therefore, an implementation may be certified as either IMPORT, or EXPORT, or IMPORT and EXPORT. Note that if a system is both IMPORT and EXPORT certified data MAY be lost in any round-trip process. This data loss will be caused by differences in the optional properties supported by any specific system i.e. at import those optional properties that are NOT supported will be ignored and so will not be available for any subsequent export.

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References

[BCP 47] Matching of Language Tags (RFC 4647) and Tags for Identifying Languages (RFC 5646), A.Phillips and M.Davis, Internet Engineering Task Force, September 2009, https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp47.
[I-BAT, 06] IMS Binding Auto-generation Toolkit (I-BAT), Colin Smythe, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., July 2006.
[ISO 8601] ISO8601:2004 Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange - Representation of dates and times, ISO, International Standards Organization (ISO), 2000, p.33.
[QTI, 21a] IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI): Assessment, Section and Item (ASI) Information Model v3.0, Gary Driscoll, Tom Hoffmann, Justin Marks, Paul Grudnitski, Mark Molenaar, Colin Smythe and Mark McKell, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., July 2021, http://www.imsglobal.org/question/qtiv3p0/imsqtiv3p0_asi_infomodelcfv1p0.html.
[QTI, 21b] IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI): Best Practices and Implementation Guide v3.0, Gary Driscoll, Tom Hoffmann, Justin Marks, Paul Grudnitski, Mark Molenaar and Padraig O'hiceadha, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., July 2021, http://www.imsglobal.org/question/qtiv3p0imsqtiv3p0_bpigcfv1p0.html.
[QTI, 21c] IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) 3.0: Results Reporting Specification, Gary Driscoll, Tom Hoffmann, Justin Marks, Paul Grudnitski, Mark Molenaar and Colin Smythe, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., July 2021, .
[RFC 2045] Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies, N. Freed and N. Borenstein, Internet Engineering Task Force, November 1996, https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt.
[RFC 2119] Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, S.Bradner, Internet Engineering Task Force, March 1997, https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt.
[RFC 4198] A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace for Federated Content, D.Tessman, Internet Engineering Task Force, November 2005, https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4198.txt.
[URI, 98] Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies, T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding and L. Masinter, Internet Engineering Task Force, August 1998, https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt.
[VDEX, 04] IMS Vocabulary Definition Exchange Information Model v1.0, Adam Cooper, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., February 2004, http://www.imsglobal.org/vdex/vdexv1p0/imsvdex_infov1p0.html.
[XML, 00] Extensible Markup Language (XML), Version 1.0 (second edition), Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen and Eve Maler, World Wide Web Consortium, October 2000, http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006.

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Appendix A Modelling Concepts and Terms

A1 Data Model Descriptions

This section is NOT NORMATIVE.

A1.1 Data Model Diagrams

Table A1.1 provides the key to the descriptions of data model diagrams.

Table A1.1 The key to the descriptions of data model diagrams.
Feature Definition and Usage
Data Model Package Each data model description is enclosed in a UML Package that has the stereotype of « dataModel » under which is the name of the data model diagram being described. Only one logical data model can be described.
DerivedType Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « DerivedType » under which is the name of the data-type. A derived class is one that is derived either from another derived class or a PrimitiveType class.
Enumeration Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « Enumeration » under which is the name of the enumeration data-type. The enumeration class consists of the list of tokens that are the permitted values of the assigned attribute.
Enumerated List Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « EnumeratedList » under which is the name of the enumerated list data-type. The enumeration list class consists of the list of tokens that are the permitted values of the assigned attribute. A list of tokens is permitted using comma separation.
PrimitiveType Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « PrimitiveType » under which is the name of the primitive data-type. A PrimitiveType is one of the many base data-types on which a data model can be built (see Appendix A1.3 for the set of primitive types that are available).
Selection Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « Selection » under which is the name of the data-type. The selection means that only one of the listed attributes make occur in an instance. If this is an abstract class then multiple iterations of the instance may occur and the multiplicity of the attribute defines the constraints on the number of times the attribute can occur in the full instance. If the stereotype and associated name of the class are in italics this denotes the class is abstract.
Sequence Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « Sequence » under which is the name of the data-type. The sequence means that the listed attributes must occur only in the order of the attributes listed on the class. The associated multiplicity defines the number of times the attribute may occur consecutively in the instance. If the stereotype and associated name of the class are in italics this denotes the class is abstract.
Unordered Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « Unordered » under which is the name of the data-type. The unordering means that the listed attributes may occur in any order but the associated multiplicity for the attribute must be followed (when binding to XML this requires the use of Schematron rules to enforce the multiplicity). If the stereotype and associated name of the class are in italics this denotes the class is abstract.
List Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « List » under which is the name of the data-type. A list class is one in which the associated instance will consist of a list of objects that conform to the permitted data-types of the list (the superclasses for the list class). The terms in the list are separated by a space.
Union Class This is a class that is identified by the stereotype « Union » under which is the name of the data-type. A union class is one in which the associated instance will consist of a objects that conform to the any of the permitted data-types of the union (the superclasses for the union class).
Characteristic Description Many classes contain a set of characteristics (the set of characteristics are listed under the stereotype « Characteristics »). Each characteristic description consists of the scope, name, data-type and multiplicity (see Appendix A1.3 for a more complete description). Note that when bound to XSD/XML, a characteristic is mapped to an XML attribute.
Attribute Description Many classes contain a set of attributes (the set of attributes are listed under the stereotype « Attributes »). Each attribute description consists of the scope, name, data-type and multiplicity (see Appendix A1.3 for a more complete description). Note when bound to XSD/XML, an attribute is mapped to an XML element.
Aggregation Arrow This is an arrow with a white diamond head to indicate that the child class is an aggregate structure to the parent class i.e. the child class may exist without the context of the parent class. This association allows complex structures to be constructed with common subcomponents.
Composition Arrow This is an arrow with a filled diamond head to indicate that the child class is a composite structure of the parent class i.e. the child class only exists within the context of the parent class. This association allows complex structures to be constructed with common subcomponents.
Generalization Arrow This is an arrow with a white arrow head to indicate the class/superclass relationship. The arrow points in the direction of generality i.e. from the class to the super class.

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A1.2 Class Descriptions

Table A1.2 provides the key to the descriptions of the data class tables.

Table A1.2 The key to the descriptions of the data class tables.
Category Definition
Class Name The name given to the class being described.
Class Type The nature of the class. This is described as a "Container [...]" or "Abstract Container [...]". The value of "..." being (see Appendix A1.1 for the meaning of these values):
  • "DerivedType"
  • "List"
  • "Selection"
  • "Sequence"
  • "Union"
  • "Unordered"
If the container is also marked as "Mixed" then the children are permitted to include text as well as attributes.
Parents This is the list of classes that contain the class being described as either the type of a child characteristic or attribute. In the case of a Root Class the entry is also labelled as "Root Class".
Derived Classes The set of classes that are derived from this class (there may be none). The entries are linked to the corresponding class descriptions.
Super Classes The set of super classes from which the class being described is derived (there may be none). The entries are linked to the corresponding class descriptions.
Characteristics Lists the set of characteristics for this class. The list of characteristics includes those that are inherited. Each characteristic is linked to the corresponding characteristic description table.
Children Lists the set of attributes for this class (the only other permitted associations are generalizations). The list of children includes those attributes that are inherited. Each child entry is linked to the corresponding attribute description table. The nature of the relationship between the children is defined by the stereotype of the parent class i.e. the class type. If the child is in italics this denotes a reference to an abstract class and that an instance would NOT contain a child of that name but would be replaced by a complex set of children as defined by the associated abstract class.
Link Data Lists the set of attributes for this class that are used to provide links to other data objects in the data model. Many types of link references are available. This row is ONLY shown when the class contains at least one link data definition.
Description Contains descriptions relating to the class and its properties and relationships.

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A1.3 Attribute and Characteristic Descriptions

Table A1.3 provides the key to the descriptions of the data attributes/characteristics for the data classes.

Table A1.3 The key to the descriptions of the data attribute/characteristic tables.
Category Definition
Attribute Name or Characteristic Name The name given to the attribute or characteristic being described. If the name is in italics this denotes an abstract attribute or characteristic.
Data Type This is the data-type of the attribute or characteristic (if this is in italics it denotes an abstract class). The data-type can take many forms:
  • Class Name - the name of the Class (this is linked to the class definition elsewhere in this document);
  • Primitive Data-types from:-
    • AnyTypeLax - the namespace data-type i.e. defining data from any context (this is used for allowing any form of extension and the form of that extension is dependent on the type of binding);
    • AnyURI - the AnyURI data-type (absolute or relative URI);
    • Base - the base data-type for defining a base URI/URL link reference;
    • Boolean - the boolean data-type (with permitted values of "true" and "false");
    • Date - the date data-type (using the [ISO 8601] format);
    • DateTime - the date/time data-type (using the [ISO 8601] format);
    • Decimal - the decimal data-type (a variable precision number that is either positive or negative);
    • Double - the double data-type (double precision floating point number - 64bit);
    • Duration - the duration data-type (using the [ISO 8601] format)
    • Empty - the associated instance must be empty i.e. no child attributes;
    • Float - the float data-type (single precision floating point number - 32bit);
    • ID - the unique identifier data-type (the scope is constrained to the instance file);
    • IDREF - the reference to a previously defined unique identifier data-type (ID);
    • IDREFS - a list, whitespace separated, of references to a previously defined unique identifier data-type (ID);
    • Int - the int data-type with a numeric value from -2147483648 to 2147483647;
    • Integer - the integer data-type (this is derived from the "decimal" data-type i.e. no decimal places);
    • Language - the language data-type as defined in [BCP 47];
    • Name - the Name data-type as per the XML 1.0 definition);
    • Namespace - the namespace data-type i.e. defining data from a context other than that as the default for the data model (this is used for importing other data models);
    • NamespaceLax - the namespace data-type i.e. defining data from a context other than that as the default for the data model (this is used for importing other data models but being lax on the validation);
    • NonNegativeInteger - the non-negative integer data-type (this is derived from the "integer" data-type) i.e. an integer that is zero or higher;
    • NCName - the NCName data-type (derived from the Name data-type i.e. non-colonized name);
    • NormalizedString - the normalized string data type (strings with line feeds, carriage returns and tab characters removed);
    • PositiveInteger - the positive integer data-type (this is derived from the "nonNegativeinteger" data-type) i.e. an integer that is one or higher;
    • String - the normalized string data type;
    • Time - the time data-type (using the [ISO 8601] format).
Value Space The range of valid values for this attribute/characteristic (including any default value). If the value space is unspecified, it is not known or is not important. This value space must be defined in terms of the associated data-type.
Scope This is the scope of the attribute/characteristic with permitted values of:
  • Local - denoted by "-" and meaning the attribute/characteristic has significance and access within the context of the parent class only;
  • Global - denoted by "+" and meaning that the attribute/characteristic has global scoping (so must have a unique name) and can be accessed from anywhere.
Multiplicity A property of an attribute/characteristic indicating the number of times it may be used or appear in a given class instance. The values of this property are expressed as a range or shorthand for a range using the notation:
  • "0..1" [optional; restricted]
  • "0..*" [optional; unrestricted]
  • "1" [mandatory; restricted]
  • "1..*" [mandatory; unrestricted]
Description Contains descriptions relating to the attribute/characteristic and its values space.
Link Data Contains the description of the link data definition. A link to the corresponding detailed link data description is supplied. This row is ONLY shown when the attribute/characteristice is a link data definition.

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A1.4 Enumerated Vocabulary Descriptions

Table A1.4 provides the key to the descriptions of the enumerated vocabulary classes. These are vocabularies that will be contained within the binding form itself. They are contained within a class that has a stereotype of either « Enumeration » or « EnumeratedList ».

Table A1.4 The key to the descriptions of the enumerated vocabulary tables.
Category Definition
Term The vocabulary token itself i.e. the vocabulary entry.
Definition The meaning of the term and how it should be used.

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A1.5 External Vocabulary Descriptions

Table A1.5 provides the key to the descriptions of the external vocabulary classes. These are vocabularies that will be contained in some independent format e.g. using the IMS VDEX [VDEX, 04].

Table A1.5 The key to the descriptions of the external vocabulary tables.
Category Definition
Term The vocabulary token itself i.e. the vocabulary entry.
Definition The meaning of the term and how it should be used. This consists of the "Caption" and "Description" of the vocabulary term. The caption is used to provide a human readable label for the term.

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A1.6 Import Class Descriptions

Table A1.6 provides the key to the descriptions of the import classes.

Table A1.6 The key to the descriptions of the imported class tables.
Category Definition
Import Class Name The name of the class.
Parent Classes The list of parent classes, and the associated children, that use this imported class. Each class and attribute name has a link to its corresponding tabular description in the information model.
Description The description of how the class is used within the data model.

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A1.7 Link Data Descriptions

Table A1.7 provides the key to the descriptions of the link data definitions.

Table A1.7 The key to the descriptions of the link data tables.
Category Definition
Target Class Name This is the name of the target class i.e. the destination point of the link reference.
Link Type This is the type of link that is being used. The types of link available are:
  • "SourcedId" - this link is through interoperability identifier for the target object i.e. the object can be obtained by using this sourceId with the corresponding service call;
  • "IntraParentClassId" - this link is between two attributes/characteristics that are contained within the same parent class;
  • "CPResourceId" - this link is to a resource contained within an IMS Content Package/IMS Common Cartridge/Thin Common Cartridge manifest. The reference value is that assigned to the "identifier" of the resource in the package/cartridge manifest;
  • "CASEItemId" - this link is to the learning objective description (contained within an IMS CASE Item definition).
Link Sources This is the set of classes that contain attributes/characteristics which use the link data defined by this entry. A link to the attribute/characteristic is provided.
Source Attribute This is the attribute/characteristic in the source object that contains the identifier of the target object (a characteristic name MUST start with an "@"). This will only be supplied if the pointer is contained within a substructure within the source object. If there is no source the statement "Not Applicable" will be displayed.
Target Attribute This is the attribute/characteristic in the target class which is the container for the identifier of the object being identified (a characteristic name MUST start with an "@"). It is the value for this identifier which MUST be supplied in the source object. For "CPResourceId" link types the fixed value of "@identifier" will be given. If there is no target the statement "Not Applicable" will be displayed.
Parent Class Name This is the name of the class that contains both the source and target attributes/characteristics. This value will only be supplied for the "IntraParentClassId" link types. If there is no parent class name the statement "Not Applicable" will be displayed.
Description The description of how the link data is used within the data model.

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A1.8 Common Data Model Persistent Identifier Descriptions

Table A1.8 provides the key to the descriptions of the common data model persistent identifier definitions.

Table A1.8 The key to the descriptions of the common data model persistent identifier tables.
Category Definition
Name This is the name of the data model component which has been assigned a common data model persistent identifier.
Type This is the type of link that is being used. The types of link available are:
  • "Class (...)" - a complex data model component i.e. it contains one or more properties;
  • "Property" - a property of a parent Class;
  • "Enumerated Vocabulary Term" - the term/token within an enumerated vocabulary
Persistent Identifier The common data model persistent identifier that has been assigned to this data model component. By definition, this is a unique (within the context of the IMS Common Data Model) and very long-lived identifier

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Appendix B XSD Binding Terms

B1 XSD Binding Description Terms

This section is NOT NORMATIVE.

B1.1 UML/XSD Attribute Mapping Table Definition

Table B1.1 provides the key to the descriptions of UML to XSD attribute mapping tables.

Table B1.1 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD attribute mapping tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Attribute Name The name of the attribute (these are the attributes listed in the class identified by the « Roots » stereotype).
UML Class The name of the class, the type of the attribute, in the UML diagrams (each class will have an associated stereotype label to denote its modelling interpretation). If the information model description is contained within the same document, this value is hot-linked to that description.
XSD Name The equivalent name of the UML attribute name in the XSD i.e. the XML element name.
XSD Type The XSD type - this will always be "Element".
XSD Data Type The data-type in the context of the XSD. This is hot-linked to the corresponding description table in the binding.

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B1.2 UML/XSD Class Mapping Table Definition

Table B1.2 provides the key to the descriptions of UML to XSD class mapping tables. This table shows the relationship between the two modelling components:

Table B1.2 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD class mapping tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Name The name of the UML class and the associated set of attributes and characteristics. The first row is used to describe the UML class. Camel-case is used for the attribute and characteristic names.
UML Artefact The UML Class will be denoted as "Root", "Core" or "Derived" depending on the nature of the class. The list of attributes (mapped to XML elements) and characteristics (mapped to XML attributes) will be identified as either "Attributes" or "Characteristics".
Data Type The data-type has several permitted values:
  • PT:... - denotes a primitive type with "..." replaced by the actual primitiveType name
  • DT:... (PT:...) - denotes a derived type of name "..." derived from the primitive type "PT:..."
  • [Enumeration(...)] - denotes an enumeration of name "..."
  • [List(...)] - denotes a list of the name "..."
  • [Union(...)] - denotes a union of one or more data-types with the name "..."
  • [Imported(...)] - denotes a class with the name "..." has been imported from another specification
  • "Container[...]" - denotes a class of stereotype "..."
Multiplicity The multiplicity of the child attribute/characteristic. The value for the Class itself is "-N/A-". The multiplicity values are:
  • "0..1" [optional; restricted]
  • "0..*" [optional; unrestricted]
  • "1" [mandatory; restricted]
  • "1..*" [mandatory; unrestricted]
The multiplicity will also indicate when groups of elements have variable multiplicity. In the case when a selection between groups of elements is used then this is denoted by "XOR" being displayed above the multiplicity for each of the grouped elements. Alongside the XOR is the multiplicity of the group as a whole.
XSD Name This is the equivalent name of the UML artefact in the XSD. In the case of a "Derived" class the UML attribute may be used to define constraints on the primitiveType and so may not have visibility in an instance. In this case the name entry will be "[ No XML instance visibility ]".
XSD Type The XSD data-type. For the Class this will have either the value "ComplexType" or "SimpleType" or the statement "There is no equivalent derived complexType. This is a logical class that is used to identify a namespace constraint.". For the attributes the value is either "Element (Global)" or "Element (Local)" depending on the scoping. For the characteristics the value is either "Attribute (Global)" or "Attribute (Local)" depending on the scoping. In the case of a "Derived" class the UML attribute may be used to define constraints on the primitiveType and so may not have visibility in an instance. In this case the type entry will denote the type of restriction i.e. MinLength, MaxLength, WhiteSpace, MinInclusive, MaxInclusive and Pattern.

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B1.3 UML/XSD Enumerated and Enumerated List Class Mapping Table Definition

Table B1.3 provides the key to the descriptions of UML to XSD enumerated and enumerated list class mapping tables.

Table B1.3 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD enumerated and enumerated list class mapping tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Enumeration Class Name or Enumeration List Class Name The name of the enumeration class or the enumeration list class.
Description The list of permitted tokens for the enumeration or list. Each value is separated by the "|" character.

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B1.4 UML/XSD List and Union Class Mapping Table Definition

Table B1.4 provides the key to the descriptions of UML to XSD list and union class mapping tables.

Table B1.4 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD list and union class mapping tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
List/Union Class Name The name of the list or union class.
Description The list of primitive types and simple derived types from which the list of values can be derived. Links to the definition of the description of the primitive and derived types provided elsewhere in the UML/XSD mapping are supplied.

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B1.5 UML/XSD Primitive Types Mapping Table Definition

Table B1.5 provides the key to the descriptions of UML to XSD primitive-type mapping tables.

Table B1.5 The key to the descriptions of UML to XSD primitive mapping tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Primitive Type Name The name of the primitve type used in the specification. Links to the definition of the primitive types, if provided elsewhere in the document, are supplied.
Description The equivalent XML base data type that is used in the XSD binding.

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B1.6 XSD Description for an Element

Table B1.6 provides the key to the descriptions of XSD element tables.

Table B1.6 The key to the descriptions of XSD element tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Namespace The namespace for the XSD element.
Diagram This diagram consists of three types of linked blocks. Straight link lines denote XML sequence whereas diagonal lines denote XML selection/unordered. The block forms are:
  • Element Blocks - blue and grey shaded rounded rectangles containing the name of the element, its data-type, any default value and the multiplicity (denoted by a circle containing either the symbol "?", "1", "*", "+" or "U" representing optional, required, optionally many, at least one or unordered respectively. Unordered makes use of an associated set of Schematron Rules). If the element inherits features from another class then it contains a purple shadow that names the complexType from which the elements/attributes are inherited;
  • Attribute Blocks - orange and grey shaded rounded rectangles containing the name of the attribute, its data-type, any default value and the multiplicity (denoted by a circle containing either the symbol "?" or "1" representing option or required respectively);
  • Attribute Group Blocks - orange shaded rounded rectangle containing the name of the attribute group;
  • Purple Surrounds - a surround on the attributes block denotes inherited attributes and a surround on the element block denotes inherited elements.
Type The data-type for the element. This will possible entries are:
  • The name of the primitiveType data-type
  • Statement of an enumeration
  • The import class name written as [Import (...)]
  • The actual data-type with a link to the corresponding declaration.
Type Hierachy The identification of the superclass upon which this type is based (the superclass is shown on the top line). This indicates the source of the inherited set of XML elements and attributes for the element.
Properties The set of properties for the element including (these will not be shown for Global elements):
  • Content - the type of content i.e "simple" or "complex"
  • Mixed - whether or not the content is a mixture of content/element {true, false}
  • MinOccurs - the minimum number of occurences
  • MaxOccurs - the maximum number of occurences
Used by The features in the XSD that make use of this global or root element. These features are listed under the heading "ComplexTypes". Each of the entries is linked to its formal description table.
Facets The permitted set of facets for the content i.e. the ways in which the content is further constrained. This row is only present if there are associated facets. The set of permitted facets are:
  • Enumeration - a permitted value
  • MinLength - the required minimum number of characters
  • MaxLength - the maximum number of characters
  • WhiteSpace - default handling of white-space i.e. preserve or replace or collapse
  • MinInclusive - the permitted minimum value (inclusive)
  • MaxInclusive - the permitted maximum value (inclusive)
  • Pattern - the permitted character set defined as a regular expression
Model The set of child elements. This is an ordered list of elements (as per the sequence in the data-type complexType) and accompanied by their multiplicity. Links to the corresponding declarations are supplied. In the case where the type is an enumeration or primitiveType then the value is "N/A". The value may also be "Empty" to indicate that no children are permitted. If the element is imported i.e. from an external XSD, only the URL for that XSD will be given.
Attributes The set of global and local XML attributes for this complexType (if the element is imported i.e. from an external XSD, only the URL for that XSD will be given). Links are made to the associated tabular definitions. Each attribute is described by:
  • QName - the name with a link to the corresponding table description
  • Type - the data-type
  • Inherited - Yes/No statement of whether or not this attribute is inherited from a base complexType
  • Scope - the scope defined as either "Local" or "Global"
  • Use - the multiplicity as either "Required" or "Optional"
  • Default - the default value or a "-" if there is none
Schematron Rules The set of schematron rules to be applied for the element grouped as:
  • Unordered Class - the Schematron Rules that enforce the "Unordered" stereotype;
  • NS Constraint - the Schematron Rules that enforce the constraints on extension XML attributes;
  • Explicit Rules - the Schematron Rules that enforce the explicitly defined constraints for the information model.
Source The equivalent XSD code for the declaration of the element. This includes the multiplicity and default values for the element. See the W3C XSD documentation for the description of the permitted contents for this declaration. If the element is imported i.e. from an external XSD, only the URL for that XSD will be given.

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B1.7 XSD Description for a Complex Type

Table B1.7 provides the key to the descriptions of XSD complex type tables.

Table B1.7 The key to the descriptions of XSD complex type tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Namespace The namespace for the XSD complexType.
Annotations The documentation comment for the data-type (the comment within the XSD).
Diagram This diagram consists of four types of linked blocks. Straight link lines denote XML sequence whereas diagonal lines denote XML selection/unordered. The block forms are:
  • ComplexType Block - a purple and grey shaded rectangle containing the name of the complexType and identification of whether it is abstract and supports mixed content;
  • Element Blocks - blue and grey shaded rounded rectangles containing the name of the element, its data-type, any default value and the multiplicity (denoted by a circle containing either the symbol "?", "1", "*", "+" or "U" representing optional, required, optionally many, at least one or unordered respectively. Unordered makes use of an associated set of Schematron Rules);
  • Attribute Blocks - orange and grey shaded rounded rectangles containing the name of the attribute, its data-type, any default value and the multiplicity (denoted by a circle containing either the symbol "?" or "1" representing option or required respectively);
  • Attribute Group Blocks - orange shaded rounded rectangle containing the name of the attribute group;
  • Purple Surrounds - a surround on the attributes block denotes inherited attributes and a surround on the element block denotes inherited elements.
Properties The properties of the class expressed in terms of whether or not the complexType is abstract {true, false} or whether it supports mixed content {true, false}.
Facets The permitted set of facets for the content i.e. the ways in which the content is further constrained. This row is only present if there are associated facets. The set of permitted facets are:
  • Enumeration - a permitted value
  • MinLength - the required minimum number of characters
  • MaxLength - the maximum number of characters
  • WhiteSpace - default handling of white-space i.e. preserve or replace or collapse
  • MinInclusive - the permitted minimum value (inclusive)
  • MaxInclusive - the permitted maximum value (inclusive)
  • Pattern - the permitted character set defined as a regular expression
Used by The features in the XSD that make use of this complexType. These features are listed under the headings "Root Elements", "Elements" and "ComplexTypes". Each of the entries is linked to its formal description table.
Model The set of child elements. This is an ordered list of elements (as per the sequence in the complexType) and accompanied by their multiplicity. Links to the corresponding declarations are supplied. In the case where the type is an enumeration or primitiveType then the value is "N/A". The value may also be "Empty" to indicate that no children are permitted. In some situations the value may be "None" denoting that there are no children defined e.g. for a base class from which other classes are derived and which may have children as part of the extension.
Attributes The set of global and local XML attributes for this complexType. Links are made to the associated tabular definitions. Each attribute is described by:
  • QName - the name with a link to the corresponding table description
  • Type - the data-type
  • Inherited - Yes/No statement of whether or not this attribute is inherited from a base complexType
  • Scope - the scope defined as either "Local" or "Global"
  • Use - the multiplicity as either "Required" or "Optional"
  • Default - the default value or a "-" if there is none
Schematron Rules The set of schematron rules to be applied for the class grouped as:
  • Unordered Class - the Schematron Rules that enforce the "Unordered" stereotype;
  • NS Constraint - the Schematron Rules that enforce the constraints on extension XML attributes;
  • Explicit Rules - the Schematron Rules that enforce the explicitly defined constraints for the information model.
Source The equivalent XSD code for the declaration of the complexType. This is the full declaration. See the W3C XSD documentation for the description of the permitted contents for this declaration.

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B1.8 XSD Description for a Simple Type

Table B1.8 provides the key to the descriptions of XSD simple type tables.

Table B1.8 The key to the descriptions of XSD simple type tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Namespace The namespace for the XSD simpleType.
Diagram This diagram consists of a single block. The block form is:
  • SimpleType Block - a green and grey shaded rectangle containing the name of the simpleType and its data-type
Type The data-type for the element. This is either a primitiveType or an enumeration.
Facets The permitted set of facets for the content i.e. the ways in which the content is further constrained. This row is only present if there are associated facets. The set of permitted facets are:
  • Enumeration - a permitted value
  • MinLength - the required minimum number of characters
  • MaxLength - the maximum number of characters
  • WhiteSpace - default handling of white-space i.e. preserve or replace or collapse
  • MinInclusive - the permitted minimum value (inclusive)
  • MaxInclusive - the permitted maximum value (inclusive)
  • Pattern - the permitted character set defined as a regular expression
Used by The features in the XSD that make use of this simpleType. These features are listed under the headings "Attributes", "Elements" and "ComplexTypes". Each of the entries is linked to its formal description table.
Source The equivalent XSD code for the declaration of the simpleType. This is the full declaration. See the W3C XSD documentation for the description of the permitted contents for this declaration.

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B1.9 XSD Description for an Attribute Group

Table B1.9 provides the key to the descriptions of XSD attribute group tables.

Table B1.9 The key to the descriptions of XSD attribute group tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Namespace The namespace for the XSD attribute group.
Diagram This diagram consists of two types of linked blocks:
  • Attribute Group Block - an orange shaded rectangle containing the name of the attribute group
  • Attribute Blocks - an orange and grey shaded rectangle containing the name of the attribute, its data-type, any default value and the multiplicity (denoted by a circle containing either the symbol "?" or "1" representing optional or required respectively)
Used by The features in the XSD that make use of this attributeGroup. These features are listed under the heading "ComplexTypes". Each of the entries is linked to its formal description table.
Attributes The set of XML attributes that constitute the attributeGroup. This includes the data-type and multiplicity.
Schematron Rules The set of schematron rules to be applied for the attributeGroup are:
  • NS Constraint - the Schematron Rules that enforce the constraints on extension XML attributes;
  • Explicit Rules - the Schematron Rules that enforce the explicitly defined constraints for the information model.
Source The equivalent XSD code for the declaration of the attributeGroup. See the W3C XSD documentation for the description of the permitted contents for this declaration.

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B1.10 XSD Description for an Attribute

Table B1.10 provides the key to the descriptions of XSD attribute tables.

Table B1.10 The key to the descriptions of XSD attribute tables.
Feature Definition and Usage
Namespace The namespace for the XSD attribute. Only external/imported attributes have a namespace.
Properties The properties of the attributes expressed in terms of the multiplicity i.e. "Optional" or "Required" and the default value (not all attributes will have a default value).
Facets The permitted set of facets for the content i.e. the ways in which the content is further constrained. This row is only present if there are associated facets. The set of permitted facets are:
  • Enumeration - a permitted value
  • MinLength - the required minimum number of characters
  • MaxLength - the maximum number of characters
  • WhiteSpace - default handling of white-space i.e. preserve or replace or collapse
  • MinInclusive - the permitted minimum value (inclusive)
  • MaxInclusive - the permitted maximum value (inclusive)
  • Pattern - the permitted character set defined as a regular expression
Source The equivalent XSD code for the declaration of the attribute. See the W3C XSD documentation for the description of the permitted contents for this declaration.

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B1.11 VDEX Description for an External Vocabulary

Table B1.11 provides the key to the descriptions of VDEX tables.

Table B1.11 The key to the descriptions of VDEX vocabulary binding tables.
Feature Definition
Name The name/title for the vocabulary.
Identifier The unique identifier the vocabulary.
Location The Web location for the VDEX file.
Type The type of vocabulary. The choice is "glossaryOrDictionary", "flatTokenTerms", "hierarchicalTokenTerms", "thesaurus" or "lax" (see the IMS VDEX Specification [VDEX, 04] for the use of these terms).
Publisher The publisher of the vocabulary.
Keywords The keywords for the vocabulary.
Terms The set of terms that constitute the vocabulary. Each term there is defined by its:
  • Name - the vocabulary name/token
  • Status - the release status of the term either "Draft", "Provisional" or "Final"
  • Caption - the human readable caption/label for the term
  • Description - the meaning of the term

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Appendix C XSD Listings

C1 QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics XSD Listing

This section is NOT NORMATIVE.

The XSD listing is shown below (the XSD is available at: https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/schema/xsd/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_v1p0.xsd).

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0"
     targetNamespace="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_usagedata_v3p0"
     xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
     version="IMS QTI USAGE DATA 3.0.0"
     elementFormDefault="qualified"
     attributeFormDefault="unqualified">

    <xs:annotation>
        <xs:documentation>
            XSD Data File Information
            =========================
            Author:         Colin Smythe (IMS Global, UK) and Mark McKell (IMS Global, USA)
            Date:           2nd February, 2022
            Version:        1.0
            Status:         Candidate Final Public
            Description:    This is the Platform Specific Model of the Usage Data and Item Statistics for the IMS QTI 3.0 Specification Information Model. Is is this representation that is used to produce the XSD binding for the IMS QTI 3.0 Usage Data XSD.

            History:        This version supercedes the full IMS QTI v2.2 specification.
            
            License:        IPR and Distribution Notices
            
                            This machine readable file is derived from the IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI): Usage Data Specification Version 3.0
                            found at http://www.imsglobal.org/question and the original IMS Global schema binding or code base
                            http://www.imsglobal.org/question.
            
                            Recipients of this document are requested to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant 
                            patent claims or other intellectual property rights of which they may be aware that might be infringed by
                            any implementation of the specification set forth in this document, and to provide supporting documentation.
            
                            IMS takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might
                            be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent 
                            to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has 
                            made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on IMS procedures with respect to rights in IMS 
                            specifications can be found at the IMS Global Intellectual Property Rights web page: http://www.imsglobal.org/ipr/imsipr_policyFinal.pdf.
            
                            Copyright (c) IMS Global Learning Consortium 1999-2022. All Rights Reserved.
            
                            Use of this specification to develop products or services is governed by the license with IMS found on the IMS website: http://www.imsglobal.org/license.html.
            
                            Permission is granted to all parties to use excerpts from this document as needed in producing requests for proposals.
            
                            The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by IMS or its successors or assigns.
            
                            THIS SPECIFICATION IS BEING OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, ANY WARRANTY OF NONINFRINGEMENT IS
                            EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTERS OWN RISK, AND NEITHER THE CONSORTIUM
                            NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF
                            ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION.
            
            Source UML File Information
            ===========================
            The source file information must be supplied as an XMI file (without diagram layout information).
            The supported UML authoring tools are:
            (a) Poseidon - v6 (and later)
            (b) Papyrus - v1.1.3 (and later)
            
            Source XSLT File Information
            ============================
            XSL Generator:    Specificationv1p0_GenerationToolv1.xsl
            XSLT Processor:   Saxon
            Release:          1.0
            Date:             31st January, 2021
            Autogen Engineer: Colin Smythe (IMS Global, UK)
            Autogen Date:     2022-02-02
            
            IMS Global Auto-generation Binding Tool-kit (I-BAT)
            ===================================================
            This file was auto-generated using the IMS Global Binding Auto-generation Tool-kit (I-BAT).  While every
            attempt has been made to ensure that this tool auto-generates the files correctly, users should be aware
            that this is an experimental tool.  Permission is given to make use of this tool.  IMS Global makes no
            claim on the materials created by third party users of this tool.  Details on how to use this tool
            are contained in the IMS Global "I-BAT" documentation available at the IMS Global web-site:
            http://www.imsglobal.org.
            
            Tool Copyright:  2012-2022  (c) IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
        </xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>

    <!-- Generate Global Attributes (non-assigned) ******************************************************** -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate Global Attributes *********************************************************************** -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate Global List Types *********************************************************************** -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate Namespaced extension Group  ************************************************************* -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate Special DataTypes  ********************************************************************** -->

    <xs:complexType name="EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType">
        <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType" />
        </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the enumerated simpleType declarations ************************************************** -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the simpleType elements based on IMS data-types (Parameter) ***************************** -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the simpleType elements based on IMS data-types (Derived) ******************************* -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the simpleType elements based on IMS data-types (Union) ********************************* -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the simpleType elements based on IMS data-types (Complex) ******************************* -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the derived data-type elements based upon simpleType ************************************ -->

    <xs:simpleType name="DateDType">
        <xs:restriction base="xs:date">
            <xs:pattern value="[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}" />
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>

    <xs:simpleType name="IdentifierDType">
        <xs:restriction base="xs:NCName" />
    </xs:simpleType>

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the derived data-type elements based upon derived simpleType **************************** -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the ComplexTypes ************************************************************************ -->

    <xs:complexType name="CategorizedStatisticDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                An item statistic that consists of multiple values, e.g. IRT Dispersion Parameters.       
            </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="targetObject" type="TargetObjectDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
            <xs:element name="mapping" type="MappingDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="name" use="required" type="IdentifierDType" />
        <xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
        <xs:attribute name="context" use="required" type="xs:anyURI" />
        <xs:attribute name="caseCount" use="optional" type="xs:integer" />
        <xs:attribute name="stdError" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
        <xs:attribute name="stdDeviation" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
        <xs:attribute name="lastUpdated" use="optional" type="DateDType" />
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="MappingDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                A special class used to create a mapping from a source set of any baseType (except file a-
                nd duration) to a single float. Note that mappings from values of base type float should  
                be avoided due to the difficulty of matching floating point values, see the match operator
                for more details. When mapping containers the result is the sum of the mapped values from 
                the target set. See mapResponse for details.                                              
            </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="mapEntry" type="MapEntryDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="lowerBound" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
        <xs:attribute name="upperBound" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
        <xs:attribute name="defaultValue" use="optional" default="0" type="xs:double" />
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="OrdinaryStatisticDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                An item statistic that consists of a single numeric value.                                
            </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="targetObject" type="TargetObjectDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
            <xs:element name="value" type="ValueDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="name" use="required" type="IdentifierDType" />
        <xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
        <xs:attribute name="context" use="required" type="xs:anyURI" />
        <xs:attribute name="caseCount" use="optional" type="xs:integer" />
        <xs:attribute name="stdError" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
        <xs:attribute name="stdDeviation" use="optional" type="xs:double" />
        <xs:attribute name="lastUpdated" use="optional" type="DateDType" />
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="UsageDataDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                Usage data, most commonly item statistics, do not form part of an assessmentItem directly 
                because they always relate to some context or domain in which the statistics are valid. T-
                herefore, this specification defines a separate class for describing these statistics. Ea-
                ch statistic refers to both its context and to the assessmentItem(s) it relates to. There-
                fore, instances of this class are bound and packaged separately for interoperability.     
            </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                <xs:element name="ordinaryStatistic" type="OrdinaryStatisticDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                <xs:element name="categorizedStatistic" type="CategorizedStatisticDType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
            </xs:choice>
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="glossary" use="optional" type="xs:anyURI" />
    </xs:complexType>

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the SOAP Binding ComplexTypes *********************************************************** -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Generate the derived ComplexTypes **************************************************************** -->

    <xs:complexType name="MapEntryDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                A map is defined by a set of mapEntries, each of which maps a single value from the source
                set onto a single float.                                                                  
            </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType">
                <xs:attribute name="mapKey" use="required" type="xs:normalizedString" />
                <xs:attribute name="mappedValue" use="required" type="xs:double" />
                <xs:attribute name="caseSensitive" use="optional" type="xs:boolean" />
            </xs:extension>
        </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="TargetObjectDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                The targetObject is used to refer to an assessment object. This object may be an assessme-
                ntItem or some other type of object defined outside the scope of this specification, for  
                example, an entire test. In some cases it is desirable to refer not just to the assessment
                object but to a specific part of that object, in which case the optional partIdentifier c-
                an be used.                                                                               
            </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:complexContent>
            <xs:extension base="EmptyPrimitiveTypeDType">
                <xs:attribute name="identifier" use="required" type="xs:string" />
                <xs:attribute name="partIdentifier" use="optional" type="IdentifierDType" />
                <xs:attribute name="objectType" use="optional">
                    <xs:simpleType>
                        <xs:annotation>
                            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                                The permitted set of types of object for which statistics can be supplied.                
                            </xs:documentation>
                        </xs:annotation>
                        <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                            <xs:enumeration value="test" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="testpart" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="section" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="item" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="outcome" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="interaction" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="choice" />
                        </xs:restriction>
                    </xs:simpleType>
                </xs:attribute>
            </xs:extension>
        </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="ValueDType" abstract="false" mixed="false">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                A class that can represent a single value of any baseType in variable declarations and re-
                sult reports. The base-type is defined by the baseType attribute of the declaration except
                in the case of variables with record cardinality.                                         
            </xs:documentation>
        </xs:annotation>
        <xs:simpleContent>
            <xs:extension base="xs:normalizedString">
                <xs:attribute name="fieldIdentifier" use="optional" type="IdentifierDType" />
                <xs:attribute name="baseType" use="optional">
                    <xs:simpleType>
                        <xs:annotation>
                            <xs:documentation source="documentation">
                                A base-type is simply a description of a set of atomic values (atomic to this specificati-
                                on). Note that several of the baseTypes used to define the runtime data model have identi-
                                cal definitions to those of the basic data types used to define the values for attributes 
                                in the specification itself. The use of an enumeration to define the set of baseTypes used
                                in the runtime model, as opposed to the use of classes with similar names, is designed to 
                                help distinguish between these two distinct levels of modelling.                          
                            </xs:documentation>
                        </xs:annotation>
                        <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                            <xs:enumeration value="boolean" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="directedPair" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="duration" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="file" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="float" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="identifier" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="integer" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="pair" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="point" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="string" />
                            <xs:enumeration value="uri" />
                        </xs:restriction>
                    </xs:simpleType>
                </xs:attribute>
            </xs:extension>
        </xs:simpleContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Declaration of the elements (Complex) ************************************************************ -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Declaration of the elements (Derived) ************************************************************ -->

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

    <!-- Declaration of the root element(s) *************************************************************** -->

    <xs:element name="usageData" type="UsageDataDType" />

    <!-- ================================================================================================== -->

</xs:schema>

toc | top

Appendix D VDEX Listings

This section is NOT NORMATIVE.

Appendix D1 "Distractor Statistics" Vocabulary Listing

The VDEX listing is shown below (the VDEX is available at: https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/vocab/vdex/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_distractorstatisticsglossary_v1p0.xml). A human-readable version of the VDEX is available at: https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/vocab/vdex/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_distractorstatisticsglossary_v1p0.html.

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<!-- ********************************************************************************************** -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Author:         Colin Smythe (IMS Global) and Mark McKell (IMS Global)                         -->
<!-- Date:           2021-12-20                                                                     -->
<!-- Version:        1.0                                                                            -->
<!-- Status:         IMS Final Release                                                              -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Description:    The set of terms that would be used to collect distractor statistics. This is  -->
<!--                 the value that will be entered in the 'name' element.                          -->
<!--                 The set of terms in the vocabulary are:                                        -->
<!--                 * AISResponse;                                                                 -->
<!--                 * NumberChoosingResponse;                                                      -->
<!--                 * PTbis-Response;                                                              -->
<!--                 * PercentChoosingResponse;                                                     -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- History:        The first formal release of this QTI Glossary as part of QTIv3.0.              -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Licenses:       IPR and Distribution Notices                                                   -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 This machine readable vocabulary is derived from the IMS Global specification  -->
<!--                 IMS Global Question and Test Interoperability (QTI): Usage Data Specification  -->
<!--                 Version 3.0 found at http://www.imsglobal.org/question and the original IMS G- -->
<!--                 lobal schema binding or code base http://www.imsglobal.org/question.           -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 Recipients of this document are requested to submit, with their comments, not- -->
<!--                 ification of any relevant patent claims or other intellectual property rights  -->
<!--                 of which they may be aware that might be infringed by any implementation of t- -->
<!--                 he specification set forth in this document, and to provide supporting docume- -->
<!--                 ntation.                                                                       -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 IMS takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual pro- -->
<!--                 perty or other rights that  might be claimed to pertain to the implementation  -->
<!--                 or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any -->
<!--                 license under such rights might or might not be  available; neither does it r- -->
<!--                 epresent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information  -->
<!--                 on the IMS procedures with respect to rights in IMS specifications  can be fo- -->
<!--                 und at the IMS Intellectual Property Rights web page: http://www.imsglobal.or- -->
<!--                 g/ipr/imsipr_policyFinal.pdf.                                                  -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 Copyright © IMS Global Learning Consortium 1999-2022. All Rights Reserved.     -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 Use of this specification to develop products or services is governed by the   -->
<!--                 license with IMS found on the IMS website: http://www.imsglobal.org/license.h- -->
<!--                 tml.                                                                           -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 Permission is granted to all parties to use excerpts from this document as ne- -->
<!--                 eded in producing requests for proposals.                                      -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by -->
<!--                 IMS or its successors or assigns.                                              -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 THIS SPECIFICATION IS BEING OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN P- -->
<!--                 ARTICULAR,  ANY WARRANTY OF NONINFRINGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY USE   -->
<!--                 OF THIS SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTERS OWN RISK, AND -->
<!--                 NEITHER THE  CONSORTIUM, NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY  -->
<!--                 LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY  -->
<!--                 NATURE WHATSOEVER,  DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS SPEC- -->
<!--                 IFICATION.                                                                     -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Source XSLT File Information                                                                   -->
<!-- ============================                                                                   -->
<!-- XSL Generator:  Specificationv1p0_GenerationToolv1.xsl                                         -->
<!-- XSLT Processor: Saxon-HE-9.4.0.4                                                               -->
<!-- Release:        1.0                                                                            -->
<!-- Date:           31st January, 2021                                                             -->
<!-- Autogen Eng:    Colin Smythe (IMS Global, UK)                                                  -->
<!-- Autogen Date:   2022-02-02                                                                     -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Webster Auto-generation Toolkit                                                                -->
<!-- ===============================                                                                -->
<!-- This VDEX was auto-generated using the IMS Global Binding Auto-generation Toolkit (I-BAT). Wh- -->
<!-- ile every attempt has been made to ensure that this tool auto-generates the VDEXs correctly,   -->
<!-- users should be aware that this is an experimental tool. Permission is given to make use of t- -->
<!-- his tool. IMS Global makes no claim on the materials created by third party users of this too- -->
<!-- l. Details on how to use this auto-generation toolkit are available at the IMS Global web-sit- -->
<!-- e: www.imsglobal.org.'                                                                         -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Tool Copyright: 2005-2022 (c) IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.  All Rights Reserved.        -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -->

<vdex profileType="glossaryOrDictionary"
      xmlns="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/vdex/v1p0/schema/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0.xsd http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/md/v1p3/schema/xsd/imsmd_loose_v1p3p2.xsd"
      orderSignificant="false"
      language="en-US">
    <vocabName>
        <langstring language="en-US">IMS Global QTI Glossary of Terms for Usage Data Distractor Statistics</langstring>
    </vocabName>
    <vocabIdentifier isRegistered="true">http://www.imsglobal.org/qti/qtiv3p0/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_distractorstatisticsglossary_v1p0</vocabIdentifier>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>AISResponse</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Average Item Score for Response</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Equal to the mean of the item scores for the group of individuals that selected the response option.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Distractor Statistics, AISResponse, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>NumberChoosingResponse</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">The number of people choosing a specified response or getting a specified code.</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Equal to the number of individuals that selected the response option. This can also be used for the number of individuals that received a certain rating on a judged item such as an essay question.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Distractor Statistics, Number Choosing Response, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>PTbis-Response</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">r-pointbiserial for Response</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">A group-dependent measure of the discrimination of the response option, the pointbiserial correlation between selection of the response option and a criterion such as the total score on the test.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Distractor Statistics, PTbis-Response, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>PercentChoosingResponse</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">The percent of people choosing a specified response or getting a specified code.</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Equal to the percent of test takers that selected the response option. This can also be used for the percent of individuals that received a certain rating on a judged item such as an essay question.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Distractor Statistics, Percent Choosing Response, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <metadata>
        <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
            <general>
                <title>
                    <string>IMS Global QTI Glossary of Terms for Usage Data Distractor Statistics</string>
                </title>
                <keyword>
                    <string>QTI 3.0, Usage Data, Distractor Statistics Glossary</string>
                </keyword>
                <language>en-US</language>
                <description>
                    <string>Description: The set of terms that would be used to collect distractor statistics. This is the value that will be entered in the 'name' element.</string>
                    <string>History: The first formal release of this QTI Glossary as part of QTIv3.0.</string>
                </description>
            </general>
            <lifeCycle>
                <contribute>
                    <role>
                        <value>author</value>
                    </role>
                    <entity>Colin Smythe (IMS Global) and Mark McKell (IMS Global)</entity>
                </contribute>
                <version>
                    <string>1.0</string>
                </version>
                <status>
                    <value>IMS Final Release</value>
                </status>
                <contribute>
                    <role>
                        <value>publisher</value>
                    </role>
                    <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                    <date>
                        <dateTime>2021-12-20</dateTime>
                    </date>
                </contribute>
            </lifeCycle>
            <rights>
                <copyrightAndOtherRestrictions>
                    <value>yes</value>
                </copyrightAndOtherRestrictions>
                <description>
                    <string>2021 (c) IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</string>
                </description>
            </rights>
            <technical>
                <format>XML</format>
            </technical>
        </lom>
    </metadata>
</vdex>

Appendix D2 "Item Statistics" Vocabulary Listing

The VDEX listing is shown below (the VDEX is available at: https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/vocab/vdex/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_itemstatisticsglossary_v1p0.xml). A human-readable version of the VDEX is available at: https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/qti/v3p0/vocab/vdex/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_itemstatisticsglossary_v1p0.html.

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<!-- ********************************************************************************************** -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Author:         Colin Smythe (IMS Global) and Mark McKell (IMS Global)                         -->
<!-- Date:           2021-12-20                                                                     -->
<!-- Version:        1.0                                                                            -->
<!-- Status:         Final Release                                                                  -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Description:    The set of terms that would be used to collect the item statistics. This is t- -->
<!--                 he value that will be entered in the 'name' element.                           -->
<!--                 The set of terms in the vocabulary are:                                        -->
<!--                 * A-Param;                                                                     -->
<!--                 * AIS;                                                                         -->
<!--                 * B-Param;                                                                     -->
<!--                 * C-Param;                                                                     -->
<!--                 * D-Param;                                                                     -->
<!--                 * Fifths_Table_Highest;                                                        -->
<!--                 * Fifths_Table_Lowest;                                                         -->
<!--                 * Fifths_Table_Middle;                                                         -->
<!--                 * Fifths_Table_Second_Highest;                                                 -->
<!--                 * Fifths_Table_Second_Lowest;                                                  -->
<!--                 * P-value;                                                                     -->
<!--                 * PHI;                                                                         -->
<!--                 * PTbis;                                                                       -->
<!--                 * Polyserial;                                                                  -->
<!--                 * Score_Conversion;                                                            -->
<!--                 * rbis;                                                                        -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- History:        The first formal release of this QTI Glossary as part of QTI 3.0.              -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Licenses:       IPR and Distribution Notices                                                   -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 This machine readable vocabulary is derived from the IMS Global specification  -->
<!--                 IMS Global Question and Test Interoperability (QTI): Usage Data Specification  -->
<!--                 Version 3.0 found at http://www.imsglobal.org/question and the original IMS G- -->
<!--                 lobal schema binding or code base http://www.imsglobal.org/question.           -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 Recipients of this document are requested to submit, with their comments, not- -->
<!--                 ification of any relevant patent claims or other intellectual property rights  -->
<!--                 of which they may be aware that might be infringed by any implementation of t- -->
<!--                 he specification set forth in this document, and to provide supporting docume- -->
<!--                 ntation.                                                                       -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 IMS takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual pro- -->
<!--                 perty or other rights that  might be claimed to pertain to the implementation  -->
<!--                 or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any -->
<!--                 license under such rights might or might not be  available; neither does it r- -->
<!--                 epresent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information  -->
<!--                 on the IMS procedures with respect to rights in IMS specifications  can be fo- -->
<!--                 und at the IMS Intellectual Property Rights web page: http://www.imsglobal.or- -->
<!--                 g/ipr/imsipr_policyFinal.pdf.                                                  -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 Copyright © IMS Global Learning Consortium 1999-2022. All Rights Reserved.     -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 Use of this specification to develop products or services is governed by the   -->
<!--                 license with IMS found on the IMS website: http://www.imsglobal.org/license.h- -->
<!--                 tml.                                                                           -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 Permission is granted to all parties to use excerpts from this document as ne- -->
<!--                 eded in producing requests for proposals.                                      -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by -->
<!--                 IMS or its successors or assigns.                                              -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!--                 THIS SPECIFICATION IS BEING OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN P- -->
<!--                 ARTICULAR,  ANY WARRANTY OF NONINFRINGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY USE   -->
<!--                 OF THIS SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTERS OWN RISK, AND -->
<!--                 NEITHER THE  CONSORTIUM, NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY  -->
<!--                 LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY  -->
<!--                 NATURE WHATSOEVER,  DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS SPEC- -->
<!--                 IFICATION.                                                                     -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Source XSLT File Information                                                                   -->
<!-- ============================                                                                   -->
<!-- XSL Generator:  Specificationv1p0_GenerationToolv1.xsl                                         -->
<!-- XSLT Processor: Saxon-HE-9.4.0.4                                                               -->
<!-- Release:        1.0                                                                            -->
<!-- Date:           31st January, 2021                                                             -->
<!-- Autogen Eng:    Colin Smythe (IMS Global, UK)                                                  -->
<!-- Autogen Date:   2022-02-02                                                                     -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Webster Auto-generation Toolkit                                                                -->
<!-- ===============================                                                                -->
<!-- This VDEX was auto-generated using the IMS Global Binding Auto-generation Toolkit (I-BAT). Wh- -->
<!-- ile every attempt has been made to ensure that this tool auto-generates the VDEXs correctly,   -->
<!-- users should be aware that this is an experimental tool. Permission is given to make use of t- -->
<!-- his tool. IMS Global makes no claim on the materials created by third party users of this too- -->
<!-- l. Details on how to use this auto-generation toolkit are available at the IMS Global web-sit- -->
<!-- e: www.imsglobal.org.'                                                                         -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- Tool Copyright: 2005-2022 (c) IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.  All Rights Reserved.        -->
<!--                                                                                                -->
<!-- $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -->

<vdex profileType="glossaryOrDictionary"
      xmlns="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/vdex/v1p0/schema/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0.xsd http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM https://purl.imsglobal.org/spec/md/v1p3/schema/xsd/imsmd_loose_v1p3p2.xsd"
      orderSignificant="false"
      language="en-US">
    <vocabName>
        <langstring language="en-US">IMS Global QTI Glossary of Terms for Usage Data Item Statistics</langstring>
    </vocabName>
    <vocabIdentifier isRegistered="true">http://www.imsglobal.org/qti/qtiv3p0/imsqti_usagedatav3p0_itemstatisticsglossary_v1p0</vocabIdentifier>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>A-Param</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">IRT a parameter</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Index of item discrimination based on item response theory.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, A-Param, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>AIS</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Average Item Score</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">A group-dependent measure of item difficulty. Equal to the mean of the item scores for a group of individuals. For a rights-only dichotomously scored test, equivalent to the percent answering the item correctly (P-value).</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Distractor Statistics, AIS, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>B-Param</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">IRT b parameter</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Index of item difficulty based on item response theory.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, B-Param, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>C-Param</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">IRT c parameter</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">The lower asymptote of the item response function. Generally an index of guessing i.e. the probability of getting the item correct for very low ability examinees.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, C-Param, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>D-Param</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">IRT d parameter</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">A measure of the dispersion of the item computed using the IRT method.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, D-Param, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>Fifths_Table_Highest</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Fifths_Table_Highest</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Count of examinees in the highest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, Fifths_Table_Highest, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>Fifths_Table_Lowest</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Fifths_Table_Lowest</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Count of examinees in the lowest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, Fifths_Table_Lowest, IMS Global QTIv2.1</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>Fifths_Table_Middle</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Fifths_Table_Middle</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Count of examinees in the middle fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, Fifths_Table_Middle, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>Fifths_Table_Second_Highest</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Fifths_Table_Second_Highest</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Count of examinees in the second highest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, Fifths_Table_Second_Highest, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>Fifths_Table_Second_Lowest</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Fifths_Table_Second_Lowest</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Count of examinees in the second lowest fifth of the test score distribution who selected the specified option.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, Fifths_Table_Second_Lowest, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>P-value</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">P-value</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">A group-dependent measure of item difficulty. It is equal to the percent answering the item correctly.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, P-value, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>PHI</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Phi coefficient</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, Phi is the correlation of two dichotomous variables. In item analysis, it is generally the correlation between getting an item right or wrong and some dichotomous variable e.g. pass, fail.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, PHI, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>PTbis</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">r-pointbiserial</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, r-pointbiserial is the point biserial correlation between the score on a dichotomous item and a criterion which is a variable that can take many possible values, such as total score on the test.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, PTbis, IMS Global QTIv2.1</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>Polyserial</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Polyserial</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">The polyserial correlation is the generalization of the biserial correlation for use with either dichotomous or polytomous items. For example, it may be the generalized form of the correlation with a criterion. It is the correlation of the item score with some continuous variable, usually the total score on the test.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, Polyserial, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>Score_Conversion</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">Score Conversion Table</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">Raw scores and their corresponding converted values e.g. the values to be used in score reports.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, Score_Conversion, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <term>
        <termIdentifier>rbis</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
            <langstring language="en-US">r-biserial</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
            <langstring language="en-US">A group-dependent measure of item discrimination, r-biserial is an estimate of the biserial correlation between a latent continuous variable hypothesised to underlie performance on a dichotomous item (i.e. item score) and a criterion which is a variable that can take many possible vales, such as total score on the test.</langstring>
        </description>
        <metadata>
            <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
                <general>
                    <keyword>
                        <string>Item Statistics, rbis, IMS Global QTIv2.2</string>
                    </keyword>
                </general>
                <relation>
                    <resource>
                        <description>
                            <string>IMS Global</string>
                        </description>
                    </resource>
                </relation>
                <lifeCycle>
                    <contribute>
                        <role>
                            <value>publisher</value>
                        </role>
                        <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                        <date>
                            <dateTime>2015-03-01</dateTime>
                        </date>
                    </contribute>
                    <status>
                        <value>Final</value>
                    </status>
                </lifeCycle>
            </lom>
        </metadata>
    </term>
    <metadata>
        <lom xmlns="http://ltsc.ieee.org/xsd/LOM">
            <general>
                <title>
                    <string>IMS Global QTI Glossary of Terms for Usage Data Item Statistics</string>
                </title>
                <keyword>
                    <string>QTI 3.0, Usage Data, Item Statistics Glossary</string>
                </keyword>
                <language>en-US</language>
                <description>
                    <string>Description: The set of terms that would be used to collect the item statistics. This is the value that will be entered in the 'name' element.</string>
                    <string>History: The first formal release of this QTI Glossary as part of QTI 3.0.</string>
                </description>
            </general>
            <lifeCycle>
                <contribute>
                    <role>
                        <value>author</value>
                    </role>
                    <entity>Colin Smythe (IMS Global) and Mark McKell (IMS Global)</entity>
                </contribute>
                <version>
                    <string>1.0</string>
                </version>
                <status>
                    <value>Final Release</value>
                </status>
                <contribute>
                    <role>
                        <value>publisher</value>
                    </role>
                    <entity>IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</entity>
                    <date>
                        <dateTime>2021-12-20</dateTime>
                    </date>
                </contribute>
            </lifeCycle>
            <rights>
                <copyrightAndOtherRestrictions>
                    <value>yes</value>
                </copyrightAndOtherRestrictions>
                <description>
                    <string>2021 (c) IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc.</string>
                </description>
            </rights>
            <technical>
                <format>XML</format>
            </technical>
        </lom>
    </metadata>
</vdex>

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About this Document

Title: IMS Question & Test Interoperability (QTI): Usage Data & Item Statistics Specification v3.0
Editors: Colin Smythe (IMS Global)
Tom Hoffmann (IMS Global)
Co-chairs: Rich Dyck (DRC)
Version: 1.0
Version Date: 2nd February, 2022
Status: IMS Candidate Final Public
Summary: This is the definition of the data model and the corresponding XSD binding to be used to support the exchange of QTI Usage Data. This data model defines the object model for the exchange of a QTI-specific Usage Data Statistics (it assumes the definition of Items based upon IMS QTI Assessment, Section and Item 3.0 specification but this is not essential). The data model and XSD binding is described using the IMS profile of UML to support the IMS model driven specification engineering method.
Revision Information: This document supercedes IMS QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics Information Model and XSD Binding 2.2.
Purpose: This document is made available for Public review.
Document Location: https://www.imsglobal.org/question

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List of Contributors

The following individuals contributed to the development of this document:

Arjan Aarnink Cito (Netherlands)
Catriona Buhayar NWEA (USA)
Jason Craft Pearson (USA)
Rich Dyck DRC (USA)
Paul Grudnitski Independent Expert (USA)
Mark Hakkinen ETS (USA)
Tjeerd Hans Cito (Netherlands)
Tom Hoffmann IMS Global (USA)
Rob Howard NWEA (USA)
Justin Marks NWEA (USA)
Mark Molenaar Apenutmize (Netherlands)
Padraig O'hiceadha HMH (UK)
Colin Smythe IMS Global (UK)
Wyatt VanderStucken ETS (USA)

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Revision History

Version No. Release Date Comments
Candidate Final Public 1.0 2nd February, 2022 The first Public Candidate Final Release of QTI Usage Data & Item Statistics 3.0 Specification. This is a combined Information Model, XSD Binding, Implementation Guide and, Conformance and Certification document. This is for early adoption by IMS Contributing Members and for Publoc Review.

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IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. ("IMS Global") is publishing the information contained in this document ("Specification") for purposes of scientific, experimental, and scholarly collaboration only.

IMS Global makes no warranty or representation regarding the accuracy or completeness of the Specification.

This material is provided on an "As Is" and "As Available" basis.

The Specification is at all times subject to change and revision without notice.

It is your sole responsibility to evaluate the usefulness, accuracy, and completeness of the Specification as it relates to you.

IMS Global would appreciate receiving your comments and suggestions.

Please contact IMS Global through our website at http://www.imsglobal.org.

Please refer to Document Name: IMS Question & Test Interoperability (QTI): Usage Data & Item Statistics Specification v3.0

Date: 2nd February, 2022

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