1EdTech Final Release

1EdTech Accessible Portable Item Protocol™ (APIP™): Technical Specification for QTIv2.1 Accessibility Features

Final Specification Version 1.0

Date Issued: 31 March 2014
Latest version: http://www.imsglobal.org/apip/

IPR and Distribution Notices

Recipients of this document are requested to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent claims or other intellectual property rights of which they may be aware that might be infringed by any implementation of the specification set forth in this document, and to provide supporting documentation.

1EdTech draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this specification may involve the use of Measured Progress U.S. patent 8,303,309. 1EdTech takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or scope of such patent rights. Measured Progress has assured 1EdTech that it is willing to license patent rights it owns or controls which would necessarily be infringed by any implementation of this specification to those licensees (Members and non-Members alike) desiring to implement this specification. The statement of Measured Progress to such effect has been filed with 1EdTech. Information regarding a Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory - Zero cost (RAND-Z) license may be obtained from Measured Progress at http://www.measuredprogress.org/ipr-apip.

Attention is also drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this specification may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. 1EdTech shall not be responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. 1EdTech takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on 1EdTech’s procedures with respect to rights in 1EdTech specifications can be found at the 1EdTech Intellectual Property Rights web page: http://www.imsglobal.org/ipr/imsipr_policyFinal.pdf.

Use of this specification to develop products or services is governed by the license with 1EdTech found on the 1EdTech website: http://www.imsglobal.org/speclicense.html.

Permission is granted to all parties to use excerpts from this document as needed in producing requests for proposals.

The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by 1EdTech or its successors or assigns.

THIS SPECIFICATION IS BEING OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, ANY WARRANTY OF NONINFRINGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTER'S OWN RISK, AND NEITHER THE CONSORTIUM, NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION.

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The 1EdTech Logo, Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP), and Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) are trademarks of the 1EdTech Consortium, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries.
Documents Name: 1EdTech APIP Technical Specification for QTIv2.1 Accessibility Features v1.0 Final Specification –
Revision: 31 March 2014

1 Introduction

1.1 Scope and Context

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This document contains the technical specification of some of the assessment accessibility features created for the Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP™) Standard. The APIP Standard provides assessment programs and question item developers a data model for standardizing the file format of digital test items. When applied properly, the APIP standards accomplish two important goals. First, the APIP standards allow digital test items to be ported across APIP compliant test item banks. Second, the APIP standards provide a test delivery interface with all the information and resources required to make a test item accessible for students with a variety of disabilities and special needs.

The APIP standards build on the 1EdTech Question and Test Interoperability™ (QTI™) v2.1 [QTI, 12a] and the 1EdTech Access For All Personal Needs & Preferences (AfA PNP) v2.0 specifications. However, these do not provide all of the functionality required by APIP and so extensions have been created to both specifications. This document details the extensions to the QTI v2.1 Specification in terms of the new information model and the corresponding XML Schema Definition (XSD) binding. The associated best practises and examples are presented in [APIP, 14c].

1EdTech strongly encourages its members and the community to provide feedback to continue the evolution and improvement of the APIP standard. To join the 1EdTech developer and conformance certification community focused on APIP and QTI please visit the 1EdTech QTI/APIP Alliance online here: http://www.imsglobal.org/apip/index.html

Public contributions, comments and questions can be posted here: http://www.imsglobal.org/community/forum/categories.cfm?catid=110

1.2 Structure of this Document

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The structure of the rest of this document is:

2. New Features by the APIP	An overview of the new features and their relationship to the corresponding baseline 1EdTech specifications;
3. QTI Information model Extension	The information model description (using the 1EdTech unified modelling language platform independent model representation) of the imported extensions to the QTI v2.1 specification;
4. QTI Extension Binding Description	The binding description (using the 1EdTech UML platform specific model representation for XSDs) of the extensions to the QTI v2.1 specification;
Appendix A The 1EdTech UML Profile Notation	An explanation of the notational approach used in describing the new information models.

1.3 Related Documents

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[APIP, 14a] Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) Technical Specification Overview v1.0 Final Specification, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell and C.Smythe, 1EdTech, Inc., March 2014.

[APIP, 14b] Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) Technical Specification v1.0 Final Specification, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell and C.Smythe, 1EdTech, Inc., March 2014.

[APIP, 14c] Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) Best Practices & Implementation Guide v1.0 Final Specification, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell and C.Smythe, 1EdTech, Inc., March 2014.

[CSS3Speech, 12] W3C CSS Speech Module (Candidate Recommendation)
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-speech/, March 2012

[PLS, 08] W3C Pronunciation Lexicon Standard (PLS) Version 1.0
http://www.w3.org/TR/pronunciation-lexicon/, October 2008

[QTI, 12a] 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability Assessment Test, Section and Item Information Model v2.1 Final Specification, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, 1EdTech Inc., August 2012.

[QTI, 12b] 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability XML Binding v2.1 Final Specificaiton, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, 1EdTech, Inc., August 2012.

[QTI, 12c] 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability Implementation Guide v2.1 Final Specification, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, 1EdTech, Inc., August 2012.

[QTI, 12d] 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability Conformance Guide v2.1 Final Specification, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, 1EdTech, Inc., August 2012.

[QTI, 12e] 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability Metadata and Usage Data v2.1 Final Specification, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, 1EdTech, Inc., August 2012.

[QTI, 12f] 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability Migration Guide v2.1 Final Specification, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, 1EdTech, Inc., August 2012.

[QTI, 12g] 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability Overview v2.1 Final Specification, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, 1EdTech, Inc., August 2012.

[QTI, 12h] 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability Results Reporting v2.1 Final Specification, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, 1EdTech, Global Inc., August 2012.

[SSML, 11] W3C Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) Version 1.1.
http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/

1.4 Acronyms

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AfA PNP Access for All Personal Needs & Preferences

APIP Accessible Portable Item Protocol

ASL American Sign Language

CP Content Packaging

CSS Cascading Stylesheet

HTML Hypertext Mark-up Language

I-BAT 1EdTech Binding Auto-generation Toolkit

1EdTech 1EdTech Consortium

LUID Locally Unique Identifier

PIM Platform Independent Model

PLS Pronunciation Lexicon Standard

PSM Platform Specific Model

QTI Question & Test Interoperability

SSML Speech Synthesis Mark-up Language

UML Unified Modeling Language

XML Exchange Mark-up Language

XSD XML Schema Definition

2 New Features Required by APIP

The original 1EdTech QTI specifications do not address content accessibility except in the form of best practice recommendations for HTML. Therefore, support for accessibility in the form of special content requires extensions to the QTI and the corresponding XSD. These extensions will be ignored by non-APIP enabled systems.

The relationship between the bindings of the new features with the original specifications is shown schematically in Figure 2.1. The new features are realised as their own XSD (shown as the XSD at the base of the diagram). This new XSD is used to extend the functionality of the original/profiled QTI XSD (shown as the middle feature in the diagram) and these are used to validate the corresponding data file instances.

Schematic representation of the relationship between the original and new features.

Figure 2.1 Schematic representation of the relationship between the original and new features.

The APIP Accessibility Information component contains two categories of information that specify supplementary information that a test delivery engine may present to a test taker based on his or her access need. The first category of information defines elements within shared stimulus, item, section and test content, and is used to mark up the content for which supplementary information may be provided. Content elements are defined by referencing specific blocks of text, media files, or parts of a table that appear within the Item Content Information component. Content elements can range in size from a single character to all content contained in the Item Content Information component. In addition, a piece of stimulus content may be referenced by multiple item content definitions.

The second category of information contained in the Accessibility Information component specifies the supplementary information that is to be presented to test takers with a specific access need. Supplementary information falls into two broad categories, namely alternate representations of content and additional information. Alternate representations include presentation of an item element in audio, Braille, tactile, or signed form. Additional information includes key word definitions, key word translations, flags, and scaffold supports.

This document describes the functionality and development of the new XSD that represent this new functionality. The points where the APIP extensions are used in the QTIv2.1 are explicitly identified in the QTIv2.1 specification (externally name-spaced features). The profiled versions of the QTIv2.1 specification used by APIP do not add any further points of use of the APIP features.

3 Information Model Extension

3.1 APIPAccessibility Class

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The PIM for the APIPAccessibility class is shown in Figure 3.1.

APIPAccessibility class.

Figure 3.1 APIPAccessibility class.

Table 3.1 The ‘AssessmentItem/FeedbackBlock/RubricBlock/TemplateBlock’ classes.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AssessmentItem, FeedbackBlock, RubricBlock, TemplateBlock
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Root
Children	[ …, apipAccessibility ], ordered
Description	These are the root containers for APIP information within QTIv2.1. See the 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability v2.1 specification [QTI, 2012a].

3.1.1 ‘apipAccessibility’ Attribute Description

Table 3.2 The ‘apipAccessibility’ attribute for the QTIv2.1 classes.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	apipAccessibility
Data type	APIPAccessibiity
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the top-level container for the APIP material that is used to extend the various QTI features. This attribute is a named extension feature in the QTIv2.1 specification.

3.1.2 ‘APIPAccessibility’ Class Description

Table 3.3 The ‘APIPAccessibility’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	APIPAccessibility
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	AssessmentItem (defined in the 1EdTech QTI Information Model v2.1).
Children	[ companionMaterialsInfo, externalSupplementalAccessibility, inclusionOrderInfo, accessibilityInfo, extension ], ordered
Description	This is the root container for all of the APIP QTI Accessibility information that is required to extend the base 1EdTech QTIv2.1 specification. This class is the type for the attribute ‘apipAccessibility’ that is used to extend the QTI data model and in particular the AssessmentItem class.

3.1.3 ‘CompanionMaterialsInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.4 The ‘companionMaterialsInfo’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	companionMaterialsInfo
Data type	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This identifies the set of companion materials that should be used when answering the questions presented during the assessment. A number of different types of materials can be required in various combinations.

3.1.4 ‘ExternalSupplementalAccessibility’ Attribute Description

Table 3.5 The ‘externalSupplementalAccessibility’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	externalSupplementalAccessibility
Data type	ExternalSupplementalAccessibility
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This identifies the set of supplemental information that must be used to provide further guidance on how to render the alternative accessibility information e.g. the use of the Pronunciation Lexicon Standard (PLS), etc.

3.1.5 ‘InclusionOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.6 The ‘inclusionOrder’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	inclusionOrder
Data type	InclusionOrder
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to define the order that the assessment information is to be presented to a learner for a number of different accessibility preferences.

3.1.6 ‘AccessibilityInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.7 The ‘accessibilityInfo’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	accessibilityInfo
Data type	AccessibilityInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the new accessibility content that is defined to enable the range of supported accessibility options to reconfigure the assessment content. This content augments the original content that is defined for the associated QTI feature.

3.1.7 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.8 The ‘extension’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations for the inclusion that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is binding dependent.

3.2 CompanionMaterialsInfo Class

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The PIM for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class is shown in Figure 3.2.

CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Figure 3.2 CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Table 3.9 The ‘CompanionMaterialsInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPAccessibility
Children	[ calculator, rule, protractor, digitalMaterial, physicalMaterial, readingPassage, extension ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information about the companion materials that are available to a learner undertaking the assessment.

3.2.1 ‘Calculator’ Attribute Description

Table 3.10 The ‘calculator’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	calculator
Data type	Calculator
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This refers to the information that is available about the calculator that is permitted/required for use in the assessment.

3.2.2 ‘Rule’ Attribute Description

Table 3.11 The ‘rule’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	rule
Data type	Rule
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This refers to the information that is available about the Rules that are permitted/required for use in the assessment.

3.2.3 ‘Protractor’ Attribute Description

Table 3.12 The ‘protractor’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	protractor
Data type	Protractor
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This refers to the information that is available about the protractors that are permitted/required for use in the assessment.

3.2.4 ‘DigitalMaterial’ Attribute Description

Table 3.13 The ‘digitalMaterial’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	digitalMaterial
Data type	ItemFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This refers to the external digital material that is available for use with the assessment e.g. a map, formula sheet, etc. The digital material is available at the location identified by a URL.

3.2.5 ‘PhysicalMaterial’ Attribute Description

Table 3.14 The ‘physicalMaterial’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	physicalMaterial
Data type	NormalizedString (See Table A1.1)
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-2047] characters.
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This refers to the external physical material that is available for use with the assessment e.g. a map, formula sheet, etc. The associated text can be used to describe the material and where and when it is to be used.

3.2.6 ‘ReadingPassage’ Attribute Description

Table 3.15 The ‘readingPassage’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	readingPassage
Data type	ItemFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This refers to the information that is available about the reading passage that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The reading passage is available at the location identified by a URL.

3.2.7 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.16 The ‘extension’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations for the inclusion that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is binding dependent.

3.2.8 ‘Calculator’ Class

The PIM for the Calculator class is shown in Figure 3.2.

Table 3.17 The ‘Calculator’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Calculator
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Children	[ calculatorType, description, calculatorInfo ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information about the calculator that is required/permitted for use by the learner undertaking the assessment.

3.2.8.1 ‘CalculatorType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.18 The ‘calculatorType’ attribute for the Calculator class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	calculatorType
Data type	Enumeration
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Basic \| Standard \| Scientific \| Graphing }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The definition of the set of permitted calculators for use with the assessment.

3.2.8.2 ‘Description’ Attribute Description

Table 3.19 The ‘description’ attribute for the Calculator class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	description
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	Normalized string (see Appendix A). Length [1-2047] characters.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Provides for a human readable description of the functionality/capability of the calculator that is available to the learner.

3.2.8.3 ‘CalculatorInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.20 The ‘calculatorInfo’ attribute for the Calculator class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	calculatorInfo
Data type	ItemInfoFile
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This refers to the access to the calculator itself that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The calculator is available at the location identified by a URI.

3.2.9 ‘ItemFileInfo’ Class

The PIM for the ItemFile class is shown in Figure 3.2.

Table 3.21 The ‘ItemFileInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ItemInfoFile
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Children	[ fileHref ]
Description	This is the container for information about an external file that contains information to be made available to the learner.

3.2.9.1 ‘FileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.22 The‘fileHref’ attribute for the ItemFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fileHref
Data type	FileHref
Value space	Normalized String (see Appendix A) containing a URI. Length [1-1023] characters.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the URI for the associated content file.

3.3 Rule Class

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The PIM for the Rule class is shown in Figure 3.3.

Rule class

Figure 3.3 Rule class

Table 3.23 The ‘Rule’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Rule
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	CompanionMaterials
Children	[ description, ( ruleSystemSI \| ruleSystemUS ) ], ordered with selection
Description	The container for the information about the rule that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The rule is defined in terms of SI or US units.

3.3.1 ‘Description’ Attribute Description

Table 3.24 The ‘description’ attribute for the Rule class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	description
Data type	Normalized String (see Appendix A).
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-1023] characters.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Provides for a human readable description of the functionality/capability of the rule that is available to the learner.

3.3.2 ‘RuleSystemSI’ Attribute Description

Table 3.25 The ‘ruleSystemSI’ attribute for the Rule class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	ruleSystemSI
Data type	RuleSystemSI
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The container for the information about the rule defined in terms of SI units.

3.3.3 ‘RuleSystemUS’ Attribute Description

Table 3.26 The ‘ruleSystemUS’ attribute for the Rule class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	ruleSystemUS
Data type	RuleSystemUS
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The container for the information about the rule defined in terms of US units.

3.3.4 ‘SIRuleSystem’ Class

The PIM for the SIRuleSystem class is given in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.27 The ‘SIRuleSystem’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	SIRuleSystem
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Rule
Children	[ minimumLength, minorIncrement, majorIncrement ], ordered
Description	The container for the information about the rule that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The rule is defined in terms of SI units.

3.3.5 ‘MinimumLength’ Attribute Description

Table 3.28 The ‘minimumLength’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minimumLength
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ minimumLength ≤ 2¹⁶-1
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the minimum length of the rule. The length is defined as a multiple of the unit of the major increment.

3.3.6 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.29 The ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minorIncrement
Data type	SILinearValue
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the length of the minor increment for the rule.

3.3.7 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.30 The ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	majorIncrement
Data type	SILinearValue
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the length of the major increment for the rule.

3.3.8 ‘SILinearValue’ Class

The PIM for the SILinearValue class is shown in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.31 The ‘SILinearValue’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	LinearValue
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Rule
Children	[ unit ], ordered
Value space	Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1000.0]
Description	The container for the information about the increment (length and unit) of a Rule. The value is the length in the associated type of unit.

3.3.8.1 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description

Table 3.32 The ‘unit’ attribute for the SILinearValue class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	unit
Data type	Enumeration.
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Millimeter \| Centimeter \| Meter \| Kilometer }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This defines the type unit of length that are permitted for the rule.

3.3.9 ‘USRuleSystem’ Class

The PIM for the USRuleSystem class is given in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.33 The ‘USRuleSystem’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	USRuleSystem
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Rule
Children	[ minimumLength, minorIncrement, majorIncrement ], ordered
Description	The container for the information about the rule that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The rule is defined in terms of US units.

3.3.10 ‘MinimumLength’ Attribute Description

Table 3.34 The ‘minimumLength’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minimumLength
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ minimumLength ≤ 2¹⁶-1
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the minimum length of the rule. The length is defined as a multiple of the unit of the major increment.

3.3.11 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.35 The ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minorIncrement
Data type	USLinearValue
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the length of the minor increment for the rule.

3.3.12 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.36 The ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	majorIncrement
Data type	USLinearValue
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the length of the major increment for the rule.

3.3.13 ‘USLinearValue’ Class

The PIM for the USLinearValue class is shown in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.37 The ‘USLinearValue’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	LinearValue
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Rule
Children	[ unit ], ordered
Value space	Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1000.0]
Description	The container for the information about the increment (length and unit) of a Rule. The value is the length in the associated type of unit.

3.3.13.1 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description

Table 3.38 The ‘unit’ attribute for the USLinearValue class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	unit
Data type	Enumeration.
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Inch \| Foot \| Yard \| Mile }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This defines the type unit of length that are permitted for the rule.

3.4 Protractor Class

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The PIM for the Protractor class is shown in Figure 3.4.

Protractor class.

Figure 3.4 Protractor class.

Table 3.39 Description of the ‘Protractor’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Protractor
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Children	[ description, ( incrementUS \| incrementSI ) ], ordered and selection
Description	This is the container for the information about the permitted characteristics of the protractor companion material.

3.4.1 ‘Description’ Attribute Description

Table 3.40 Description of the ‘description’ attribute for the Protractor class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	description
Data type	Normalized String (see Appendix A).
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-1023] characters.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Provides for a human readable description of the functionality/capability of the protractor that is available to the learner.

3.4.2 ‘IncrementSI’ Attribute Description

Table 3.41 The ‘incrementSI’ attribute for the Protractor class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	incrementSI
Data type	IncrementSI
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The container for the information about the protractor defined in terms of SI units.

3.4.3 ‘IncrementUS’ Attribute Description

Table 3.42 The ‘incrementUS’ attribute for the Protractor class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	incrementUS
Data type	IncrementUS
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The container for the information about the protractor defined in terms of US units.

3.4.4 ‘IncrementUS’ Class

The PIM for the IncrementUS class is given in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.43 The ‘IncrementUS’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	IncrementUS
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Protractor
Children	[ minorIncrement, majorIncrement ], ordered
Description	The container for the information about the protractor that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The rule is defined in terms of US units.

3.4.5 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.44 Description of the ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementUS class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minorIncrement
Data type	RadialUSValue
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the information about the minor increments used on the protractor.

3.4.6 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.45 Description of the ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementUS class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	increment
Data type	RadialUSValue
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the information about the major increments used on the protractor.

3.4.7 ‘RadialUSValue’ Class Description

Table 3.46 Description of the ‘RadialUSValue’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RadialUSValue
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	IncrementUS
Children	[ unit ]
Value space	Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 359.99] – for unit of degree Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 59.99] – for unit of second and minute
Description	The container for the information about the increment size for a protractor. The value is in the associated type of unit.

3.4.8 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description

Table 3.47 The ‘unit’ attribute for the RadialUSValue class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	unit
Data type	Enumeration.
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Degree \| Minute \| Second }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This defines the US unit of radial increment that is used for the protractor.

3.4.9 ‘IncrementSI’ Class

The PIM for the IncrementSI class is given in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.48 The ‘IncrementSI’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	IncrementSI
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Protractor
Children	[ minorIncrement, majorIncrement ], ordered
Description	The container for the information about the protractor that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The protractor is defined in terms of SI units.

3.4.10 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.49 Description of the ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementSI class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	increment
Data type	RadialSIValue
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the information about the minor increments used on the protractor.

3.4.11 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.50 Description of the ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementSI class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	increment
Data type	RadialSIValue
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the information about the major increments used on the protractor.

3.4.12 ‘RadialSIValue’ Class Description

Table 3.51 Description of the ‘RadialSIValue’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RadialSIValue
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	IncrementSI
Children	[ unit ]
Value space	Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2p]
Description	The container for the information about the increment size for a protractor. The value is in the associated type of unit.

3.4.13 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description

Table 3.52 The ‘unit’ attribute for the RadialUSValue class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	unit
Data type	Enumeration.
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Radian }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This defines the SI unit of radial increment that is used for the protractor.

3.5 ExternalSupplementalAccessibility Class

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The PIM for the ExternalSupplementalAccessibility class is shown in Figure 3.5.

ExternalSupplementalAccessibility class.

Figure 3.5 ExternalSupplementalAccessibility class.

Table 3.53 The ‘ExternalSupplementalAccessibility’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ExternalSupplementalAccessibility
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	APIPAccessibility
Children	[textToSpeechLexicon, textToSpeechStylesheet , extension ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the supplemental information that can be used to provide further guidance on how to render the alternative accessibility information e.g. the use of the Pronunciation Lexicon Standard (PLS), etc.

3.5.1 ‘TextToSpeechLexicon’ Attribute Description

Table 3.54 The ‘textToSpeechLexicon’ attribute for the ExternalSupplementalAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textToSpeechLexicon
Data type	TextToSpeechLexicon
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	This describes the application of the Pronunciation Lexicon Standard (PLS) to support the text to speech rendering of the alternative accessibility text. The PLS files linked via ‘textToSpeechLexicon’ are used by all spoken “audiences” e.g. “textOnly”, “nonvisual”, “textGraphics”, etc. The files must conform to a specific version of the PLS format, namely 1.0 (currently a W3C recommendation).

3.5.2 ‘TextToSpeechStylesheet’ Attribute Description

Table 3.55 The ‘textToSpeechStylesheet’ attribute for the ExternalSupplementalAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textToSpeechStylesheet
Data type	TextToSpeechStylesheet
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0.. unbounded]
Description	This is the information on the application of the CSS3 to support the text to speech rendering of the alternative accessibility text. CSS3 Speech files linked via ‘textToSpeechStyleSheet’ are to be used by all spoken “audiences” e.g. “textOnly”, “nonvisual”, “textGraphics”, etc. The linked files should conform to the CSS Speech Module specification, currently a W3C Candidate Recommendation. Non-speech-related visual style properties found within these CSS Speech files must be ignored by conforming systems.

3.5.3 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.56 The ‘extension’ attribute for the ExternalSupplementalAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations for the inclusion that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is binding dependent.

3.5.4 ‘TextToSpeechSupplement’ Class

The PIM for the TextToSpeechSupplement class is shown in Figure 3.5.

Table 3.57 The ‘TextToSpeechSupplement’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	TextToSpeechSupplement
Class type	Container (DerivedType)
Parents	ExternalSupplementalAccessibility
Children	[ source ], unordered
Description	The source for the associated description file.

3.5.4.1 ‘Source’ Attribute Description

Table 3.58 The ‘source’ attribute for the TextToSpeechSupplement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	source
Data type	URI
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The URI for the associated text to speech supplemental accessibility information.

3.6 InclusionOrder Class

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The PIM for the InclusionOrder class is shown in Figure 3.6.

InclusionOrder class.

Figure 3.6 InclusionOrder class.

Table 3.59 The ‘InclusionOrder’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	InclusionOrder
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	APIPAccessibility
Children	[ brailleDefaultOrder, textOnlyDefaultOrder, textOnlyOnDemandOrder, textGraphicsDefaultOrder, textGraphicsOnDemandOrder, graphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder, nonVisualDefaultOrder, aslDefaultOrder, aslOnDemandOrder, signedEnglishDefaultOrder, signedEnglishOnDemandOrder, extension ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the set of inclusion orders that can be defined for an assessment feature. Each assessment feature can have one set of inclusion orders.

3.6.1 ‘BrailleDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.60 The ‘brailleDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	brailleDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is to be rendered as the alternative presentation for Braille.

3.6.2 ‘TextOnlyDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.61 The ‘textOnlyDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textOnlyDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is to be rendered as the alternative presentation of textual information in audio forms. Text-based audio access is specific to test takers who are able to view contents displayed on a screen, but may need assistance accessing those contents. Text-based audio access provides an audio representation of alphanumeric content.

3.6.3 ‘TextOnlyOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.62 The ‘textOnlyOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textOnlyOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is to be rendered as the alternative presentation of textual information in audio forms. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.6.4 ‘TextGraphicsDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.63 The ‘textGraphicsDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textGraphicsDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in audio forms for text and graphical content. Text-based and graphic audio access is specific to test takers who have difficulty viewing contents displayed on a screen and need assistance accessing both alphanumeric content and graphical elements. Text-based and graphic audio access provides an audio representation of alphanumeric content and audio descriptions of information displayed in graphical and tabular form.

3.6.5 ‘TextGraphicsOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.64 The ‘textGraphicsOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textGraphicsOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in audio forms for text and graphical content. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.6.6 ‘GraphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.65 The ‘GraphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	graphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in audio forms for graphical only content. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.6.7 ‘NonVisualDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.66 The ‘nonVisualDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	nonVisualDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Non-visual access is specific to test takers who are legally blind and who require an audio presentation and/or text for Braille display of item content. Blind access requires audio and/or Braille Text representations of alphanumeric, graphical, and tabular content. Blind access also typically presents item elements automatically to the test taker, but is selective about which item elements are presented. This is the container for the default inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available for non-visual usage.

3.6.8 ‘AslDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.67 The ‘aslDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	aslDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default order information for the accessibility content that is available in the form of ASL. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.6.9 ‘AslOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.68 The ‘aslOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	aslOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in the form of ASL. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.6.10 ‘SignedEnglishDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.69 The ‘signedEnglishDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signedEnglishDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default order information for the accessibility content that is available in the form of Signed English. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.6.11 ‘SignedEnglishOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.70 The ‘signedEnglishOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signedEnglishOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in the form of Signed English. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.6.12 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.71 The ‘extension’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is binding dependent.

3.6.13 ‘ElementOrderList’ Class

The PIM for the ElementOrderList class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.72 The ‘ElementOrderList’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ElementOrderList
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	IncusionOrder
Children	[ elementOrder ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the ordered list of alternative accessibility elements that are to be rendered for one of the inclusion orders.

Table 3.73 The ‘elementOrder’ attribute for the ElementOrderList class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	elementOrder
Data type	ElementOrder
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded]
Description	This is the pointer to the information about the inclusion order for each alternative accessibility content structure.

3.6.14 ‘ElementOrder’ Class

The PIM for the ElementOrder class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.74 The ‘ElementOrder’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ElementOrder
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	ElementOrderList
Children	[ identifierRef, order ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the identification of the alternative accessibility element (this locally unique identifier is assigned as part of the ‘AccessElement’ information) and its relative order within the inclusion order set.

Table 3.75 The ‘identifierRef’ attribute for the ElementOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	identifierRef
Data type	LUIDRef
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the reference to the locally unique identifier that has been assigned to the alternative accessibility content (assigned as part of the ‘AccessElement’ information).

Table 3.76 The ‘order’ attribute for the ElementOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	order
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ order ≤ 2048
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the relative order for the alternative accessibility content in the associated ordered list for the inclusion order.

3.7 AccessibilityInfo Information Model

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The PIM for the AccessibilityInfo class is shown in Figure 3.7.

AccessibilityInfo class.

Figure 3.7 AccessibilityInfo class.

Table 3.77 The ‘AccessibilityInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AccessibilityInfo
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPAccessibility
Children	[ accessElement ]
Description	This is the container for all of the information about the alternative accessibility content.

3.7.1 ‘AccessElement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.78 The ‘accessElement’ attribute for the AccessibilityInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	accessElement
Data type	AccessElement
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1.. unbounded]
Description	The accessibility information consists of a list of ‘AccessElement’ structures. Each ‘AccessElement’ describes the nature of one alternative accessibility form.

3.7.2 ‘AccessElement’ Class Description

The PIM for the AccessElement class is shown in Figure 3.7.

Table 3.79 The ‘AccessElement’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AccessElement
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	AccessibilityInfo
Children	[ identifier, contentLinkInfo, relatedElementInfo ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information about a single access element.

3.7.2.1 ‘Identifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.80 The ‘identifier’ attribute for the AccessElement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	identifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the access element. This is the identifier referenced by the ‘InclusionOrder’ structure.

3.7.2.2 ‘ContentLinkInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.81 The ‘contentLinkInfo’ attribute for the AccessElement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkInfo
Data type	ContentLinkInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is the pointer to the information that describes the relationships between the new alternative accessibility content and the original QTI content. An access element may also point to another access element i.e. recursive alternative content structures are possible.

3.7.2.3 ‘RelatedElementInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.82 The ‘relatedElementInfo’ attribute for the AccessElement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	relatedElementInfo
Data type	RelatedElementInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the link to the set of alternative accessibility content definitions for associated access element.

3.7.3 ‘ContentLinkInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the ContentLinkInfo class is shown in Figure 3.8.

ContentLinkInfo class.

Figure 3.8 ContentLinkInfo class.

Table 3.83 The ‘ContentLinkInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ContentLinkInfo
Class type	Container (Selection)
Parents	AccessElement
Children	[ apipLinkIdentifierRef, qtiIdentifierRef ], unordered [ textLink, objectLink ], selection
Description	This is the container for the information that describes how the new alternative accessibility content is linked to either the QTI content and/or another alternative accessibility content features plus either a text feature or an object feature.

3.7.3.1 ‘ApipLinkIdentifierRef’ Attribute Description

Table 3.84 The ‘apipLinkIdentifierRef’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	apipLinkIdentifierRef
Data type	LUIDRef
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the pointer to other alternative accessibility content that has been defined in an access element definition.

3.7.3.2 ‘QtiLinkIdentifierRef’ Attribute Description

Table 3.85 The ‘qtiLinkIdentifierRef’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	qtiLinkIdentifierRef
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-1023] characters.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to a feature within the QTI content described in the same instance file. The associated QTI structured is expected to have an ‘id’ attribute to which the value of the ‘qtiLinkIdentifierRef’ refers.

3.7.3.3 ‘textLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.86 The ‘textLink’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textLink
Data type	TextLink
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the text structure description to which the content link refers.

3.7.3.4 ‘ObjectLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.87 The ‘objectLink’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	objectLink
Data type	Empty
Value space	N/A
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the object structure to which the content links refers i.e. anything else other than a text string. The use of this pointer shows that the associated access element content is to be applied to the whole structure identified by the content link.

3.7.4 ‘TextLink’ Class Description

The PIM for the TextLink class is shown in Figure 3.8.

Table 3.88 The ‘TextLink’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	TextLink
Class type	Container (Selection)
Parents	ContentLinkInfo
Children	[ fullString, wordLink, characterLink, characterStringLink ], selection
Description	The container for the information that describes to which part of a text string the alternative accessibility content is to be applied.

3.7.4.1 ‘FullString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.89 The ‘fullString’ attribute for the TextLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fullString
Data type	Empty
Value space	N/A
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to show that the accessibility content is an alternative to the full text string.

3.7.4.2 ‘WordLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.90 The ‘wordLink’ attribute for the TextLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	wordLink
Data type	Integer
Value space	Integer [1 ≤ wordLink ≤ 9999]
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to show that the accessibility content is an alternative to a particular word in the text string. A word is any set of characters delineated by spaces, tabs and punctuation marks.

3.7.4.3 ‘CharacterLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.91 The ‘characterLink’ attribute for the TextLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	characterLink
Data type	Integer
Value space	Integer [1 ≤ characterLink ≤ 9999]
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to show that the accessibility content is an alternative to a particular character (this include all spaces, tabs, punctuation marks etc.).

3.7.4.4 ‘CharacterStringLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.92 The ‘characterStringLink’ attribute for the TextLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	characterStringLink
Data type	CharacterStringLink
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to show that the accessibility content is an alternative to a substring.

3.7.5 ‘CharacterStringLink’ Class Description

The PIM for the CharacterStringLink class is shown in Figure 3.8.

Table 3.93 The ‘CharacterStringLink’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	CharacterStringLink
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	TextLink
Children	[ startCharacter, stopCharacter ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information that defines the substring to which the alternative accessibility content refers. This should not be used to identify strings of only one character length.

3.7.5.1 ‘StartCharacter’ Attribute Description

Table 3.94 The ‘startCharacter’ attribute for the CharacterStringLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	startCharacter
Data type	Integer
Value space	Integer [1 ≤ startCharacter ≤ 9999] and startCharacter < stopCharacter
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The start character for the substring (this includes specs, tabs, punctuation marks, etc.).

3.7.5.2 ‘StopCharacter’ Attribute Description

Table 3.95 The ‘stopCharacter’ attribute for the CharacterStringLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	stopCharacter
Data type	Integer
Value space	Integer [1 ≤ stopCharacter ≤ 9999] and stopCharacter > startCharacter
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The end character for the substring (this includes specs, tabs, punctuation marks, etc.).

3.7.6 ‘RelatedElementInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the RelatedElementInfo class is shown in Figure 3.7.

Table 3.96 The ‘RelatedElementInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RelatedElementInfo
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	AccessElement
Children	[ spoken, brailleText, tactileFile, signing, keyWordTranslation, revealAlternativeRepresentation, guidance, structuredMask, scaffold, chunk, answerReduction, keyWordEmphasis, extension ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the set of descriptions for the various types of alternative accessibility content.

3.7.6.1 ‘Spoken’ Attribute Description

Table 3.97 The ‘spoken’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	spoken
Data type	Spoken
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using spoken formats.

3.7.6.2 ‘BrailleText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.98 The ‘brailleText’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	brailleText
Data type	BrailleText
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using Braille text formats.

3.7.6.3 ‘TactileFile’ Attribute Description

Table 3.99 The ‘tactileFile’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	tactileFile
Data type	TactileFile
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using tactile formats.

3.7.6.4 ‘Signing’ Attribute Description

Table 3.100 The ‘signing’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signing
Data type	Signing
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using signing formats.

3.7.6.5 ‘keyWordTranslation’ Attribute Description

Table 3.101 The ‘keyWordTranslation’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	keyWordTranslation
Data type	KeyWordTranslation
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using keyword translation formats.

3.7.6.6 ‘RevealAlternativeRepresentation’ Attribute Description

Table 3.102 The ‘revealAlternativeRepresentation’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	revealAlternativeRepresentation
Data type	RevealAlternativeRepresentation
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using a set of defined file formats.

3.7.6.7 ‘Guidance’ Attribute Description

Table 3.103 The ‘guidance’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	guidance
Data type	Guidance
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when guidance is enabled.

3.7.6.8 ‘StructuredMask’ Attribute Description

Table 3.104 The ‘structuredMask’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	structuredMask
Data type	StructuredMask
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when masking is enabled.

3.7.6.9 ‘Scaffold’ Attribute Description

Table 3.105 The ‘scaffold’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	scaffold
Data type	Scaffold
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when scaffolding is enabled.

3.7.6.10 ‘Chunk’ Attribute Description

Table 3.106 The ‘chunk’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	chunk
Data type	Empty.
Value space	N/A
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when chunking is enabled.

3.7.6.11 ‘AnswerReduction’ Attribute Description

Table 3.107 The ‘answerReduction’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	answerReduction
Data type	AnswerReduction
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when answer reduction is enabled.

3.7.6.12 ‘KeyWordEmphasis’ Attribute Description

Table 3.108 The ‘keyWordEmphasis’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	keyWordEmphasis
Data type	Empty
Value space	N/A
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when highlighting is enabled.

3.7.6.13 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.109 The ‘extension’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is dependent on the binding.

3.7.7 ‘Spoken’ Class Description

The PIM for the Spoken class is shown in Figure 3.9.

Spoken class.

Figure 3.9 Spoken class.

Table 3.110 The ‘Spoken’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Spoken
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ audioFileInfo, spokenText, textToSpeechPronunication, textToSpeechPronunciationSSML ], ordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using spoken formats. Audio presentation of narrative text, graphic, or other content element can be provided in two ways. For the first method, an audio file can be assigned to an element and the audio file can be played by the test delivery system. A separate audio file may be created for each content element or a portion of an audio file may be assigned to a content element. For the second method, a text-to-speech tool may be used to present an audio representation of the element. Standard text-to-speech read aloud requires the item writer to specify the text that is to be presented by the text-to-speech tool. Use of Speech Synthesis Markup Language is also supported as an alternative.

3.7.7.1 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.111 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	audioFileInfo
Data type	AudioFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This points to the audio file that is to be played for the spoken format rendering.

3.7.7.2 ‘SpokenText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.112 The ‘spokenText’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	spokenText
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the text string that is to be converted to the equivalent audio format using a text-to-speech tool.

3.7.7.3 ‘TextToSpeechPronunciation’ Attribute Description

Table 3.113 The ‘textToSpeechPronunciation’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textToSpeechPronunciation
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the text string that is to be converted to the equivalent audio format using a text-to-speech tool. The text is structured to provide explicit pronunciation guidance.

3.7.7.4 ‘TextToSpeechPronunciationSSML’ Attribute Description

Table 3.114 The ‘textToSpeechPronunciationSSML’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textToSpeechPronunciationSSML
Data type	TextToSpeechSSML
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) is designed to provide a rich, XML-based markup language for assisting the generation of synthetic speech in Web and other applications. The essential role of SSML is to provide authors of synthesizable textual content a standard way to control aspects of speech such as pronunciation, volume, pitch, rate, etc. across different synthesis-capable platforms that implement SSML. This provides another way to supply the text to speech pronunciation information.

3.7.8 ‘TextToSpeechSSML’ Class Description

The PIM for the TextToSpeechSSML class is shown in Figure 3.9.

Table 3.115 The ‘TextToSpeechSSML’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	TextToSpeechSSML
Class type	Container (Sequence, Mixed)
Parents	Spoken
Children	The set of elements that can be used at the top level from the SSML Recommendation from the W3C [SSML, 2011].
Description	This is the container for the interleaved string and the associated SSML that is to be applied to the string. Note that the form of binding must ensure that there are no name clashes between the set of objects from the SSML and the host APIP/QTI objects.

3.7.9 ‘BrailleText’ Class Description

The PIM for the BrailleText class is shown in Figure 3.10.

BrailleText class.

Figure 3.10 BrailleText class.

Table 3.116 The ‘BrailleText’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	BrailleText
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ brailleTextString ]
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using Braille text formats. Output to a refreshable Braille display presents the test taker with a Braille representation of text-based content. Braille display requires the item writer to define elements to which a Braille representation is assigned.

3.7.9.1 ‘BrailleTextString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.117 The ‘brailleTextString’ attribute for the BrailleText class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	brailleTextString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The text string that is to be rendered in Braille. Each text block is also assigned a tab order in the non-visual inclusion order. The Braille display launches automatically when the test taker first encounters an item and transfers the Braille representation for the first element to the refreshable Braille display. The test taker may tab/navigate through the content and have the associated Braille representations transferred to the refreshable Braille display.

3.7.10 ‘TactileFile’ Class Description

The PIM for the TactileFile class is shown in Figure 3.11.

TactileFile class.

Figure 3.11 TactileFile class.

Table 3.118 The ‘TactileFile’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	TactileFile
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElememtInfo
Children	[ tactileAudioFile, tactileAudioText, tactileBrailleText ], ordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using tactile formats. For some graphic content, a tactile representation provides better access for some students than does an audio or Braille description. When a hard copy tactile representation is employed to provide access to graphic content, the ‘tactileFile’ description indicates to the test delivery system that a tactile representation is available. To alert the test taker that a tactile representation is available, the test delivery system will present an audio cue that refers to the associated hard copy tactile representation.

3.7.10.1 ‘TactileAudioFile’ Attribute Description

Table 3.119 The ‘tactileAudioFile’ attribute for the TactileFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	tactileAudioFile
Data type	AudioFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the audio file that is associated with the tactile description. Depending on the student access profile, the test delivery system may also provide a description of the tactile representation in audio form.

3.7.10.2 ‘TactileAudioText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.120 The ‘tactileAudioText’ attribute for the TactileFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	tactileAudioText
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is a text string description equivalent of the information that is to be presented in the tactile file. This can be rendered using a text-to-speech tool.

3.7.10.3 ‘TactileBrailleText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.121 The ‘tactileBrailleText’ attribute for the TactileFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	tactileBrailleText
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is a Braille text string description equivalent of the information that is to be presented in the tactile file. This can be rendered using a Braille display.

3.7.11 ‘Signing’ Class Description

The PIM for the Signing class is shown in Figure 3.12.

Signing class.

Figure 3.12 Signing class.

Table 3.122 The ‘Signing’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Signing
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ signFileASL, signFileSignedEnglish ], ordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using sign language formats. For students who communicate in sign, access to item content may require the content to be presented in either American Sign Language or in another signed English representation. A signed presentation may be assigned to any accessibility element.

3.7.11.1 ‘SignFileASL’ Attribute Description

Table 3.123 The ‘signFileASL’ attribute for the Signing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signFileASL
Data type	SignFileASL
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	For the information about the ASL based signing.

3.7.11.2 ‘SignFileSignedEnglish’ Attribute Description

Table 3.124 The ‘signFileSignedEnglish’ attribute for the Signing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signFileSignedEnglish
Data type	SignFileSignedEnglish
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	For the information about the Signed English based signing.

3.7.12 ‘SignFile’ Class Description

The PIM for the SignFile class is shown in Figure 3.12.

Table 3.125 The ‘SignFile’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	SignFile
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Signing
Children	[ videoFileInfo, boneAnimationVideoFile ], ordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using sign language formats. The signing can be supplied as video and bone animation files.

3.7.12.1 ‘VideoFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.126 The ‘videoFileInfo’ attribute for the SignFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	videoFileInfo
Data type	VideoFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to the video file that contains the associate signing. A separate video file or a portion of a video file may be assigned to each accessibility element.

3.7.12.2 ‘BoneAnimationVideoFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.127 The ‘boneAnimationVideoFileInfo’ attribute for the SignFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	boneAnimationVideoFileInfo
Data type	ObectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to the bone animation video file that contains the associate signing. Bone animation scripts allow a bone animation player to present an animated representation of signed presentation of the accessibility element. Bone animation players render video images using an avatar. Alternatively, a pre-recorded video file may be used to present a signed representation of the accessibility

3.7.13 ‘KeyWordTranslation’ Class Description

The PIM for the KeyWordTranslation class is shown in Figure 3.13.

KeyWordTranslation class.

Figure 3.13 KeyWordTranslation class.

Table 3.128 The ‘KeyWordTranslation’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	KeyWordTranslation
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ definitionId ], unordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using keyword translation formats. A test taker for whom the default language used to represent item content is different than the test taker’s native language may require specific key words to be translated to another language. This attribute indicates that a translated representation of the associated accessibility element should be provided to test takers whose Examine Accessibility Information profile specifies key word translation.

3.7.13.1 ‘DefinitionId’ Attribute Description

Table 3.129 The ‘definitionId’ attribute for the KeyWordTranslation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	definitionId
Data type	DefinitionId
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded]
Description	When a key word translation is accessed by the test taker, the ‘definitionId’ is used to determine the proper definition of the key word that is to be translated. The ‘definitionId’ is then used to locate the associated translation of the word and to present that translation in text-based form.

3.7.14 ‘DefinitionId’ Class Description

The PIM for the DefinitionId class is shown in Figure 3.13.

Table 3.130 The ‘DefinitionId’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	DefinitionId
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	KeyWordTranslation
Children	[ language, textString ], ordered
Description	The container for the information to be used to achieve keyword translation.

3.7.14.1 ‘Language’ Attribute Description

Table 3.131 The ‘language’ attribute for the DefinitionId class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	language
Data type	Language
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the language for the keyword translation.

3.7.14.2 ‘TextString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.132 The ‘textString’ attribute for the DefinitionId class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The translated text string for the keyword.

3.7.15 ‘RevealAlternativeRepresentation’ Class Description

The PIM for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class is shown in Figure 3.14.

RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Figure 3.14 RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Table 3.133 The ‘RevealAlternativeRepresentation’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RevealAlternativeRepresentation
Class type	Container (Selection)
Parents	[ RelatedElementInfo ]
Children	[ audioFileInfo, videoFileInfo, graphicFileInfo, textFileInfo, textString, markupFileInfo, markupFileEmbedded, executableFileInfo, extensions ], selected
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using various alternative formats. It allows a student to access to an alternate representation for a specific object contained in an item. As a few examples, a bar chart may be substituted for a table presenting frequency counts, an animation may be substituted for a figure depicting a life cycle, or narrative text may be substituted for information presented in figure or chart. In all cases, this provides to the test delivery system the filename that contains an alternate representation for a given object that is then displayed as supplemental information for the test taker. The alternate representation is displayed on-demand by the student.

3.7.15.1 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.134 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	audioFileInfo
Data type	AudioFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the audio file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.7.15.2 ‘VideoFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.135 The ‘videoFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	videoFileInfo
Data type	VideoFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the video file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.7.15.3 ‘GraphicFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.136 The ‘graphicFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	graphicFileInfo
Data type	ObjectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the image file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.7.15.4 ‘textFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.137 The ‘textFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textFileInfo
Data type	ObjectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the text file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.7.15.5 ‘textString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.138 The ‘textString’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	0..1
Description	The pointer to the text string that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.7.15.6 ‘MarkupFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.139 The ‘markupFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	markupFileInfo
Data type	ObjectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the external mark-up file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation. The form of mark-up is undefined i.e. it could be HTML, XML, etc.

3.7.15.7 ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ Attribute Description

Table 3.140 The ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	markupFileEmbedded
Data type	MarkupFileEmbedded
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to the mark-up information that is embedded within the QTI instance file (this is expected to take the form of an XML namespace extension).

3.7.15.8 ‘ExecutableFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.141 The ‘executableFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	executableFileInfo
Data type	ObjectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the external flash file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.7.15.9 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.142 The ‘extension’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is dependent on the binding.

3.7.16 ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ Class Description

The PIM for the MarkupFileEmbedded class is shown in Figure 3.14.

Table 3.143 The ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	MarkupFileEmbedded
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RevealAlternativeRepresentation
Children	[ extensions ], ordered
Description	This is a placeholder for any embedded mark-up language e.g. HTML, etc. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class.

3.7.16.1 ‘Extensions’ Attribute Description

Table 3.144 The ‘extension’ attribute for the MarkupFileEmbedded class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extensions
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is dependent on the binding.

3.7.17 ‘Guidance’ Class Description

The PIM for the Guidance class is shown in Figure 3.15.

Guidance class.

Figure 3.15 Guidance class.

Table 3.145 The ‘Guidance’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Guidance
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ langageLearnerSupport, cognitiveGuidanceSupport ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the instructions on how to render information that is subjected to guidance. This is used for students who require assistance identifying the key components of an item; guidance presents additional information or cues to the test taker.

3.7.17.1 ‘LangageLearnerSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.146 The ‘langageLearnerSupport’ attribute for the Guidance class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	langageLearnerSupport
Data type	GuidanceSupport
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Defines the nature of the guidance available for language learners.

3.7.17.2 ‘CognitiveGuidanceSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.147 The ‘cognitveGuidanceSupport’ attribute for the Guidance class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	cognitveGuidanceSupport
Data type	GuidanceSupport
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Defines the nature of the cognitive guidance available.

3.7.18 ‘GuidanceSupport’ Class Description

The PIM for the GuidanceSupport class is shown in Figure 3.15.

Table 3.148 The ‘GuidanceSupport’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	GuidanceSupport
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ supportOrder, textString ], ordered
Description	Guidance is applied to item content and specifies to the test delivery system both the additional information that is to be displayed for the test taker and the content with which the guidance is associated. When the item is presented on screen, the test delivery system may automatically display guidance associated with the item or may display guidance on-demand, depending on the specifications provided in the student access profile.

3.7.18.1 ‘SupportOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.149 The ‘supportOrder’ attribute for the GuidanceSupport class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	supportOrder
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ supportOrder ≤ 2047
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the order for the associated guidance presentation.

3.7.18.2 ‘TextString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.150 The ‘textString’ attribute for the GuidanceSupport class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the pointer to the text string that is available as a note associated with the guidance.

3.7.19 ‘StructuredMask’ Class Description

The PIM for the StructuredMask class is shown in Figure 3.16.

StructuredMask class.

Figure 3.16 StructuredMask class.

Table 3.151 The ‘StructuredMask’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	StructuredMask
Class type	Container (Selection)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ revealOrder, answerOption ], selected
Description	This is the container for the information about how a structured mask is to be applied to the content to be rendered. For students who require assistance maintaining focus, masking may be used to display smaller blocks of information. Structured masking is used to assist the student in developing an understanding of an item by masking specific elements of the item and revealing them in a prescribed order. A separate structured mask tag is applied to each item content structure and the order of revelation for each piece of content is specified for each mask.

3.7.19.1 ‘RevealOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.152 The ‘revealOrder’ attribute for the StructuredMask class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	revealOrder
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ revealOrder ≤ 2047
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The order of revelation for the associated masked object.

3.7.19.2 ‘AnswerOption’ Attribute Description

Table 3.153 The ‘answerOption’ attribute for the StructuredMask class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	answerOption
Data type	Boolean
Value space	Enumerated: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines whether or not the answer option is to be masked. Answer options are included in structured mask by default, and should be ordered last. The value ‘true’ denotes that the answer options should be masked.

3.7.20 ‘Scaffold’ Class Description

The PIM for the Scaffold class is shown in Figure 3.17.

Scaffold class.

Figure 3.17 Scaffold class.

Table 3.154 The ‘Scaffold’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Scaffold
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ revealOrder, scaffoldBehavior ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information that can have scaffolding used to support its rendering. For students who require a high level of support processing information presented in an item and who may require assistance maintaining focus, scaffolding is designed to walk a student through an item element by element with additional support provided. Scaffolding combines elements of flagging and masking. Like structured masking, scaffolding applies a mask to specific item content and specifies the order in which a mask is to be revealed. Like flagging, scaffolding associates additional information with item content.

3.7.20.1 ‘RevealOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.155 The ‘revealOrder’ attribute for the Scaffold class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	revealOrder
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ revealOrder ≤ 2047
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The order of revelation.

3.7.20.2 ‘ScaffoldBehavior’ Attribute Description

Table 3.156 The ‘scaffoldBehavior’ attribute for the Scaffold class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	scaffoldBehavior
Data type	ScaffoldBehavior
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to the information that describes the behavior of the scaffolding to be used to support the rendering of the alternative content.

3.7.21 ‘ScaffoldBehavior’ Class Description

The PIM for the ScaffoldBehavior class is shown in Figure 3.17.

Table 3.157 The ‘ScaffoldBehavior’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ScaffoldBehavior
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Scaffold
Children	[ audioFileInfo, textString, spokenText ], ordered
Description	The container for the scaffolding behavior.

3.7.21.1 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.158 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	audioFileInfo
Data type	AudioFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer for the audio file that can be played as part of the scaffolding activity.

3.7.21.2 ‘TextString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.159 The ‘textString’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The text string that can be played as part of the scaffolding activity.

3.7.21.3 ‘SpokenText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.160 The ‘spokenText’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	spokenText
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the text that is to be presented in audio format by a text-to-speech tool.

3.7.22 ‘AnswerReduction’ Class Description

The PIM for the AnswerReduction class is shown in Figure 3.18.

AnswerReduction class.

Figure 3.18 AnswerReduction class.

Table 3.161 The ‘AnswerReduction’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AnswerReduction
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ removeTagGroup ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the instructions on how to perform answer reduction. This reduces the number of answer options displayed for a forced choice item. Often, the answer option that is removed is the least discriminating option. When the Examine Accessibility Information profile specifies reduced answer options, the test delivery system will remove any answer option to which the remove option tag is applied. Only those options to which the remove option tag has NOT been applied will be displayed to the student

3.7.22.1 ‘RemoveTagGroup’ Attribute Description

Table 3.162 The ‘removeTagGroup’ attribute for the AnswerReduction class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	removeTagGroup
Data type	RemoveTagGroup
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded], unordered
Description	The set of information about the group of remove tag instructions for the answer reduction activity.

3.7.23 ‘RemoveTagGroup’ Class Description

The PIM for the RemoveTagGroup class is shown in Figure 3.18.

Table 3.163 The ‘RemoveTagGroup’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RemoveTagGroup
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	AnswerReduction
Children	[ removeTagGroupOrder, removeTagIdRef ], ordered
Description	This is the container for a remove tag group.

3.7.23.1 ‘RemoveTagGroupOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.164 The ‘removeTagGroupOrder’ attribute for the RemoveTagGroup class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	removeTagGroupOrder
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ removeTagGroup ≤ 2047
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The order in which the removal should be applied.

3.7.23.2 ‘RemoveTagIdRef’ Attribute Description

Table 3.165 The ‘removeTagIdRef’ attribute for the RemoveTagGroup class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	removeTagIdRef
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-4095] characters.
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded]
Description	The set of identifiers that are used to identify the objects to be removed.

3.7.24 ‘LabelledString’ Class Description

The PIM for the LabelledString class is shown in Figure 3.19.

LabelledString class.

Figure 3.19 LabelledString class.

Table 3.166 The ‘LabelledString’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	LabelledString
Class type	String
Parents	Various
Children	[ contentLinkIdentifier ]
Description	This is the container for a labelled string. This is a string that has an allocated content link identifier i.e. it can also have alternative accessibility content instructions assigned to it.

3.7.24.1 ‘ContentLinkIdentifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.167 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the LabelledString class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkIdentifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the associated string. This is the identifier to be referenced by other alternative accessibility content structures.

3.7.25 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the AudioFileInfo class is shown in Figure 3.20.

AudioFileInfo class.

Figure 3.20 AudioFileInfo class.

Table 3.168 The ‘AudioFileInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AudioFileInfo
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Various
Children	[ contentLinkIdentifier, mimeType, voiceType, voiceSpeed, fileHref, startTime, duration ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the formation about an audio file.

3.7.25.1 ‘ContentLinkIdentifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.169 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkIdentifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the associated audio file. This is the identifier to be referenced by other alternative accessibility content structures.

3.7.25.2 ‘MimeType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.170 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	mimeType
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the mime-type of the associated audio file.

3.7.25.3 ‘FileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.171 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fileHref
Data type	FileHref
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the link to the file itself. The form of the link depends upon the actual binding realisation.

3.7.25.4 ‘VoiceType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.172 The ‘voiceType’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	voiceType
Data type	Enumerated
Value space	Enumeration of: { Human \| Synthetic }. Default=Synthetic.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to define the type of voice to be used to support the audioFile.

3.7.25.5 ‘VoiceSpeed’ Attribute Description

Table 3.173 The ‘voiceSpeed’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	voiceSpeed
Data type	Enumerated
Value space	Enumeration of: { Slow \| Standard \| Fast }. Default=Standard.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to define the speed of speech for the voice to be used to support the audioFile.

3.7.25.6 ‘StartTime’ Attribute Description

Table 3.174 The ‘startTime’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	startTime
Data type	Time
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the start point in the audio file that is to be used for the associated rendering (this allows a single audio file to be reused). If absent the start time is at the start of the file.

3.7.25.7 ‘Duration’ Attribute Description

Table 3.175 The ‘duration’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	duration
Data type	Time
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the duration of the audio clip that is to be presented. If absent the duration is the full length of the audio clip contained in the file.

3.7.26 ‘VideoFileInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the VideoFileInfo class is shown in Figure 3.21.

VideoFileInfo class.

Figure 3.21 VideoFileInfo class.

Table 3.176 The ‘VideoFileInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	VideoFileName
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Various
Children	[ contentLinkIdentifier, mimeType, fileHref, startCue, stopCue ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the formation about a video file.

3.7.26.1 ‘ContentLinkIdentifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.177 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkIdentifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the associated video file. This is the identifier to be referenced by other alternative accessibility content structures.

3.7.26.2 ‘MimeType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.178 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	mimeType
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the mime-type of the associated video file.

3.7.26.3 ‘FileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.179 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fileHref
Data type	FileHref
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the link to the file itself. The form of the link depends upon the actual binding realisation.

3.7.26.4 ‘StartCue’ Attribute Description

Table 3.180 The ‘startCue’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	startCue
Data type	Time
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the start point in the video file that is to be used for the associated rendering (this allows a single video file to be reused). If absent the start time is at the start of the file.

3.7.26.5 ‘EndCue’ Attribute Description

Table 3.181 The ‘endCue’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	endCue
Data type	Time
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the end point in the video file that is to be used for the associated rendering (this allows a single video file to be reused). If absent the end time is at the end of the file.

3.7.27 ‘ObjectFileInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the ObjectFileInfo class is shown in Figure 3.22.

ObjectFileInfo class.

Figure 3.22 ObjectFileInfo class.

Table 3.182 The ‘ObjectFileInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ObjectFleInfo
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Various
Children	[ contentLinkIdentifier, mimeType, fileHref ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the formation about the object file.

3.7.27.1 ‘ContentLinkIdentifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.183 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkIdentifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the associated object file. This is the identifier to be referenced by other alternative accessibility content structures.

3.7.27.2 ‘MimeType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.184 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	mimeType
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the mime-type of the associated object file.

3.7.27.3 ‘FileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.185 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fileHref
Data type	FileHref
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the link to the file itself. The form of the link depends upon the actual binding realisation.

4 QTI Extension Binding Description

4.1 Platform Specific Model Representation

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The Platform Specific Models (PSMs) for the APIP QTI extensions are shown in Figures:

4.1 APIP Accessibility Root;

4.2 APIP Companion materials information;

4.3 APIP External supplemental accessibility

4.4 APIP Inclusion order;

4.5 APIP Accessibility information;

4.6 APIP Content link information;

4.7 APIP Audio-based accessibility information;

4.8 APIP Non-audio-based accessibility information.

APIP accessibility root PSM.

Figure 4.1 APIP accessibility root PSM.

APIP Companion materials information PSM.

Figure 4.2 APIP Companion materials information PSM.

APIP External supplemental accessibility information PSM.

Figure 4.3 APIP External supplemental accessibility information PSM.

APIP inclusion order PSM.

Figure 4.4 APIP inclusion order PSM.

APIP accessibility information PSM.

Figure 4.5 APIP accessibility information PSM.

APIP content link information PSM.

Figure 4.6 APIP content link information PSM.

APIP audio-based accessibility information PSM.

Figure 4.7 APIP audio-based accessibility information PSM.

APIP non-audio-based accessibility information PSM.

Figure 4.8 APIP non-audio-based accessibility information PSM.

4.2 Information Model to PMS to XSD Mappings

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For the APIP QTI Extensions the mapping between the PIM (Information Model in Section 3) and PSM binding representation (Section 4.1) is detailed in Table 4.1. The key to Table 4.1 is:

· The ‘PSM Reference’ field refers to information in the PSM description (Section 4.1 in this document). The sub-fields are:

— Name – the name of the data structure in the PSM and PIM

— UML Type – the type of UML construct i.e. either Class or Attribute

— Figure – the reference Figure number in this document;

· The ‘PIM Reference’ field refers to the Information Model (Section 3). The sub-fields are:

— Type – the type of the data structure in the Information Model

— Table – the reference number of Tabular description in the corresponding Information Model document;

· The 'XSD Reference' field refers to information in the XSD descriptions (Section 4.1 in this document). The sub-fields are:

— Name – the name of the field in the XSD(s)

— Type – the type of XSD construct i.e. either a ComplexType or Element. In the case of a ComplexType there are two sub-divisions of sequence, ComplexType (S), choice, ComplexType (C) and unordered, ComplexType (U).

Table 4.1 Mapping between the PIM (Information Model), PSM (Binding) and XSD descriptions for the APIP QTI Extensions.

PSM (Binding) Reference			PIM (Information) Reference		XSD Reference
Name	UML Type	Figure	Type	Table	Name	Type
AssessmentItem	Class	–	–	See [APIP, 14b]	–	–
RubricBlock	Class	–	–	See [APIP, 14b]	–	–
FeedbackBlock	Class	–	–	See [APIP, 14b]	–	–
TemplateBlock	Class	–	–	See [APIP, 14b]	–	–
· apipAccessibility	Attribute	4.1	APIPAccessibility	3.2	apipAccessibility	Element
APIPAccessibility	Class	4.1	–	3.3	APIPAccessibility.Type	ComplexType (S)
· companionMaterialsInfo	Attribute	4.1	CompanionMaterialsInfo	3.4	companionMaterialsInfo	Element
· externalSupplemental Accessibility	Attribute	4.1	ExternalSupplemental Accessibility	3.5	externalSupplementalAccessibility	Element
· inclusionOrder	Attribute	4.1	InclusionOrder	3.6	inclusionOrder	Element
· accessibilityInfo	Attribute	4.1	AccessibilityInfo	3.7	accessibilityInfo	Element
· extensions	Attribute	4.1	Unspecified	3.8	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
CompanionMaterialsInfo	Class	4.2	–	3.9	CompanionMaterialsInfo.Type	ComplexType (U)
· calculator	Attribute	4.2	Calculator	3.10	calculator	Element
· rule	Attribute	4.2	Rule	3.11	rule	Element
· protractor	Attribute	4.2	Protractor	3.12	protractor	Element
· digitalMaterial	Attribute	4.2	ItemFileInfo	3.13	digitalMaterial	Element
· physicalMaterial	Attribute	4.2	NormalizedString	3.14	physicalMaterial	Element
· readingPassage	Attribute	4.2	ItemFileInfo	3.15	readingPassage	Element
· extensions	Attribute	4.1	Unspecified	3.16	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
Calculator	Class	4.2	–	3.17	Calculator.Type	ComplexType (S)
· calculatorType	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.18	calculatorType	Element
· description	Attribute	4.2	NormalizedString	3.19	description	Element
· calculatorInfo	Attribute	4.2	ItemFileInfo	3.20	calculatorInfo	Element
Rule	Class	4.2	–	3.23	Rule.Type	ComplexType (S)
· description	Attribute	4.2	NormalizedString	3.24	description	Element
· ruleSystemSI	Attribute	4.2	SIRuleSystem	3.25	ruleSystemSI	Element
· ruleSystemUS	Attribute	4.2	USRuleSystem	3.26	ruleSyetmUS	Element
SIRuleSystem	Class	4.2	–	3.27	SIRuleSystem.Type	ComplexType (S)
· minimumLength	Attribute	4.2	Integer	3.28	length	Element
· minorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	SILinearValue	3.29	minorIncrement	Element
· majorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	SILinearValue	3.30	majorIncrement	Element
SILinearValue	Class	4.2	Decimal	3.31	SILinearValue.Type	ComplexType (S)
· unit	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.32	unit	Attribute
USRuleSystem	Class	4.2	–	3.33	USRuleSystem.Type	ComplexType (S)
· minimumLength	Attribute	4.2	Integer	3.34	length	Element
· minorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	USLinearValue	3.35	minorIncrement	Element
· majorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	USLinearValue	3.36	majorIncrement	Element
USLinearValue	Class	4.2	Decimal	3.37	USLinearValue.Type	ComplexType (S)
· unit	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.38	unit	Attribute
Protractor	Class	4.2	–	3.39	Protractor.Type	ComplexType
· description	Attribute	4.2	NormalizedString	3.40	description	Element
· incrementSI	Attribute	4.2	IncrementSI	3.41	incrementSI	Element
· incrementUS	Attribute	4.2	IncrementUS	3.42	incrementUS	Element
IncrementUS	Class	4.2	–	3.43	Protractor.Type	ComplexType
· minorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	RadialUSValue	3.44	minorIncrement	Element
· majorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	RadialUSValue	3.45	majorIncrement	Element
RadialUSValue	Class	4.2	Decimal	3.46	RadialUSValue.Type	ComplexType (S)
· unit	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.47	unit	Attribute
IncrementSI	Class	4.2	–	3.48	Protractor.Type	ComplexType
· minorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	RadialSIValue	3.49	minorIncrement	Element
· majorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	RadialSIValue	3.50	majorIncrement	Element
RadialSIValue	Class	4.2	Decimal	3.51	RadialUSValue.Type	ComplexType (S)
· unit	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.52	unit	Attribute
ItemFileInfo	Class	4.2	–	3.21	ItemFileInfo.Type	ComplexType (S)
· fileHref	Attribute	4.2	FileHref	3.22	fileHref	Element
ExternalSupplementalAccessibility	Class	4.3	–	3.53	ExternalSupplemental Accessibility.Type	ComplexType (U)
· textToSpeechLexicon	Attribute	4.3	TextToSpeechLexicon	3.54	textToSpeechLexicon	Element
· textToSpeechStylesheet	Attribute	4.3	TextToSpeechStylesheet	3.55	textToSpeechStylesheet	Element
· extensions	Attribute	4.3	Unspecified	3.56	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
TextToSpeechSupplement	Class	4.3	–	3.57	TextToSpeechSupplement.Type	ComplexType (S)
· source	Attribute	4.3	URI	3.58	source	Attribute
InclusionOrder	Class	4.4	–	3.59	InclusionOrder.Type	ComplexType (U)
· brailleDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.60	textOnlyDefaultOrder	Element
· textOnlyDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.61	textOnlyDefaultOrder	Element
· textOnlyOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.62	textOnlyOnDemandOrder	Element
· textGraphicsDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.63	textGraphicsDefaultOrder	Element
· textGraphicsOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.64	textGraphicsOnDemandOrder	Element
· graphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.65	graphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder	Element
· nonVisualDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.66	nonVisualDefaultOrder	Element
· aslDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.67	aslDefaultOrder	Element
· aslOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.68	aslOnDemandOrder	Element
· signedEnglishDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.69	signedEnglishDefaultOrder	Element
· signedEnglishOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrderList	3.70	signedEnglishOnDemandOrder	Element
· extensions	Attribute	4.4	Unspecified	3.71	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
ElementOrderList	Class	4.4	–	3.72	ElementOrderList.Type	ComplexType (S)
· elementOrder	Attribute	4.4	ElementOrder	3.73	elementOrder	Element
ElementOrder	Class	4.4	–	3.74	ElementOrder.Type	ComplexType (S)
· identifierRef	Attribute	4.4	LUIDRef	3.75	identifierRef	Attribute
· order	Attribute	4.4	Integer	3.76	order	Element
AccessibilityInfo	Class	4.5	–	3.77	AccessibilityInfo.Type	ComplexType (S)
· accessElement	Attribute	4.5	AccessElement	3.78	accessElement	Element
AccessElement	Class	4.5	–	3.79	AccessElement.Type	ComplexType (S)
· identifier	Attribute	4.5	LUID	3.80	identifier	Attribute
· contentLinkInfo	Attribute	4.5	ContentLinkInfo	3.81	contentLinkInfo	Element
· relatedElementInfo	Attribute	4.5	RelatedElementInfo	3.82	relatedElementInfo	Element
ContentLinkInfo	Class	4.6	–	3.83	ContentLinkInfo.Type	ComplexType (S)
· apipLinkIdentifierRef	Attribute	4.6	LUIDRef	3.84	apipLinkIdentifierRef	Element
· qtiLinkIdentifierRef	Attribute	4.6	NormalizedString	3.85	qtiLinkIdentifierRef	Element
· textLink	Attribute	4.6	TextLink	3.86	textLink	Element
· objectLink	Attribute	4.6	Empty	3.87	objectLink	Element
TextLink	Class	4.6	–	3.88	Textlink.Type	ComplexType (S)
· fullString	Attribute	4.6	Empty	3.89	fullString	Element
· wordLink	Attribute	4.6	Integer	3.90	wordLink	Element
· characterLink	Attribute	4.6	Integer	3.91	characterLink	Element
· CharacterStringLink	Attribute	4.6	CharacterStringLink	3.92	characterStringLink	Element
CharacterStringLink	Class	4.6	–	3.93	CharacterStringLink.Type	ComplexType (S)
· startCharacter	Attribute	4.6	Integer	3.94	startCharacter	Element
· stopCharacter	Attribute	4.6	Integer	3.95	stopCharacter	Element
RelatedElementInfo	Class	4.5	–	3.96	RelatedElement.Type	ComplexType (U)
· spoken	Attribute	4.5	Spoken	3.97	spoken	Element
· brailleText	Attribute	4.5	BrailleText	3.98	brailleText	Element
· tactileFile	Attribute	4.5	TactileFile	3.99	tactileFile	Element
· signing	Attribute	4.5	Signing	3.100	signing	Element
· keyWordTranslation	Attribute	4.5	KeyWordTranslation	3.101	keyWordTranslation	Element
· revealAlternativeRepresentation	Attribute	4.5	revealAlternativeRepresentation	3.102	revealAlternativeRepresentation	Element
· guidance	Attribute	4.5	Guidance	3.103	guidance	Element
· structuredMask	Attribute	4.5	StructuredMask	3.104	structuredMask	Element
· scaffold	Attribute	4.5	Scaffold	3.105	scaffold	Element
· chunk	Attribute	4.5	Chunk	3.106	chunk	Element
· answerReduction	Attribute	4.5	AnswerReduction	3.107	answerReduction	Element
· keyWordEmphasis	Attribute	4.5	KeyWordEmphasis	3.108	keyWordEmphasis	Element
· extensions	Attribute	4.5	Unspecified	3.109	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
Spoken	Class	4.7	–	3.110	Spoken.Type	ComplexType (S)
· audioFileInfo	Attribute	4.7	AudioFileInfo	3.111	audioFileInfo	Element
· spokenText	Attribute	4.7	LabelledString	3.112	spokenText	Element
· textToSpeechPronunciation	Attribute	4.7	LabelledString	3.113	textToSpeechPronunciation	Element
· textToSpeechPronunciationML	Attribute	4.7	TexToSpeechSSML	3.114	textToSpeechPronunciationSSML	Element
TextToSpeechSSML	Class	4.7	–	3.115	TextToSpeechSSML.Type	ComplexType (S/C/Mixed)
· p	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· s	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· say-as	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· phoneme	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· sub	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· voice	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· emphasis	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· break	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· prosody	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· mark	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
· audio	Attribute	4.7	–	See [SSML, 11]	–	–
BrailleText	Class	48	–	3.116	BrailleText.Type	ComplexType (S)
· brailleTextString	Attribute	4.8	LabelledString	3.117	brailleTextString	Element
TactileFile	Class	4.7	–	3.118	TactileFile.Type	ComplexType (S)
· tactileAudioFile	Attribute	4.7	AudioFileInfo	3.119	tactileAudioFile	Element
· tactileAudioText	Attribute	4.7	LabelledString	3.120	tactileAudioText	Element
· tactileBrailleText	Attribute	4.7	LabelledString	3.121	tactileBrailleText	Element
Signing	Class	4.8	–	3.122	Signing.Type	ComplexType (S)
· signFileASL	Attribute	4.8	SignFile	3.123	signFileASL	Element
· signFileSignedEnglish	Attribute	4.8	SignFile	3.124	signFileSignedEnglish	Element
SignFile	Class	4.8	–	3.125	SignFile.Type	ComplexType (S)
· videoFileInfo	Attribute	4.8	VideoFileInfo	3.126	videoFileInfo	Element
· boneAnimationVideoFile	Attribute	4.8	ObjectFileInfo	3.127	boneAnimationVideoFile	Element
KeyWordTranslation	Class	4.7	–	3.128	KeyWordTranslation.Type	ComplexType (S)
· definitionId	Attribute	4.7	DefinitionId	3.129	definitionId	Element
DefinitionId	Class	4.7	–	3.130	DefinitionId.Type	ComplexType (S)
· language	Attribute	4.7	Language	3.131	language	Attribute
· textString	Attribute	4.7	LabelledString	3.132	textString	Element
RevealAlternativeRepresentation	Class	4.8	–	3.133	RevealAlternativeRepresentation.Type	ComplexType (C)
· audioFileInfo	Attribute	4.8	AudioFileInfo	3.134	audioFileInfo	Element
· videoFileInfo	Attribute	4.8	VideoFileInfo	3.135	videoFileInfo	Element
· graphicFileInfo	Attribute	4.8	ObjectFileInfo	3.136	graphicFileInfo	Element
· textFileInfo	Attribute	4.8	ObjectFileInfo	3.137	textFileInfo	Element
· textString	Attribute	4.8	LabelledString	3.138	tetString	Element
· markupFileInfo	Attribute	4.8	ObjectFileInfo	3.139	markupFileInfo	Element
· markupFileEmbedded	Attribute	4.8	MarkupFileEmbedded	3.140	markupFileEmbedded	Element
· flashFileInfo	Attribute	4.8	ObjectFileInfo	3.141	flashFileInfo	Element
· extensions	Attribute	4.8	Unspecified	3.142	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
MarkupFileEmbedded	Class	4.8	–	3.143	MarkupFileEmbedded.Type	ComplexType (S)
· extensions	Attribute	4.8	Unspecified	3.144	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
Guidance	Class	4.8	–	3.145	Guidance.Type	ComplexType (S)
· languageLearnerSupport	Attribute	4.8	GuidanceSupport	3.146	languageLearnerSupport	Element
· cognitiveGuidanceSupport	Attribute	4.8	GuidanceSupport	3.147	cognitiveGuidanceSupport	Element
GuidanceSupport	Class	4.8	–	3.148	Guidance.Type	ComplexType (S)
· supportOrder	Attribute	4.8	Integer	3.149	supportOrder	Element
· textString	Attribute	4.8	LabelledString	3.150	textString	Element
StructuredMask	Class	4.8	–	3.151	StructuredMask.Type	ComplexType (S)
· revealOrder	Attribute	4.8	Integer	3.152	revealOrder	Element
· answerOption	Attribute	4.8	Boolean	3.153	answerOption	Element
Scaffold	Class	4.7	–	3.154	Scaffold.Type	ComplexType (S)
· revealOrder	Attribute	4.7	Integer	3.155	revealOrder	Element
· scaffoldBehavior	Attribute	4.7	ScaffoldBehavior	3.156	scaffoldBehavior	Element
ScaffoldBehavior	Class	4.7	–	3.157	ScaffoldBehavior.Type	ComplexType (S)
· audioFileInfo	Attribute	4.7	AudioFileInfo	3.158	audioFileInfo	Element
· textString	Attribute	4.7	LabelledString	3.159	textString	Element
· spokenText	Attribute	4.7	LabelledString	3.160	spokenText	Element
AnswerReduction	Class	4.8	–	3.161	AnswerReduction.Type	ComplexType (S)
· removeTagGroup	Attribute	4.8	RemoveTagGroup	3.162	removeTagGroup	Element
RemoveTagGroup	Class	4.8	–	3.163	RemoveTagGroup.Type	ComplexType (S)
· removeTagGroupOrder	Attribute	4.8	Integer	3.164	removeTagGroupOrder	Element
· removeTagIdRef	Attribute	4.8	NormalizedString	3.165	removeTagIdRef	Element
LabelledString	Class	4.6	String	3.166	LabelledString.Type	ComplexType (S)
· contentLinkIdentifier	Attribute	4.6	LUID	3.167	contentLinkIdentifier	Attribute
AudioFileInfo	Class	4.7	–	3.168	AudioFileInfo.Type	ComplexType (S)
· contentLinkIdentifier	Attribute	4.7	LUID	3.169	contentLinkIdentifier	Attribute
· mimeType	Attribute	4.7	NormalizedString	3.170	mimeType	Attribute
· fileHref	Attribute	4.7	FileHref	3.171	fileHref	Element
· voiceType	Attribute	4.7	Enumerated	3.172	voiceType	Element
· voiceSpeed	Attribute	4.7	Enumerated	3.173	voiceSpeed	Element
· startTime	Attribute	4.7	Time	3.174	startTime	Element
· duration	Attribute	4.7	Time	3.175	duration	Element
VideoFileInfo	Class	4.8	–	3.176	VideoFileInfo.Type	ComplexType (S)
· contentLinkIdentifier	Attribute	4.8	LUID	3.177	contentLinkIdentifier	Attribute
· mimeType	Attribute	4.8	NormalizedString	3.178	mimeType	Attribute
· fileHref	Attribute	4.8	FileHref	3.179	fileHref	Element
· startCue	Attribute	4.8	Time	3.180	startCue	Element
· endCue	Attribute	4.8	Time	3.181	endCue	Element
ObjectFileInfo	Class	4.8	–	3.182	ObjectFileInfo.Type	ComplexType (S)
· contentLinkIdentifier	Attribute	4.8	LUID	3.183	contentLinkIdentifier	Attribute
· mimeType	Attribute	4.8	NormalizedString	3.184	mimeType	Attribute
· fileHref	Attribute	4.8	FileHref	3.185	fileHref	Element

4.3 XSD Listing

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The XSD for the APIP QTI extensions information model is available in the file:

· ‘apipv1p0_qtiextv2p1_v1p0.xsd’.

This XSD was created by using the I-BAT v0.9.5 on the PSM (shown in sub-section 4.1).

This XSD should be used in conjunction with the profiled version of the 1EdTech QTI v2.1 specification available in the files:

· ‘apipv1p0_qtiitemv2p1_v1p0.xsd’;

· ‘apipv1p0_qtisectionv2p1_v1p0.xsd’.

The extensions are inserted into the profiled QTI using a name-spacing approach.

Appendix A The 1EdTech UML Profile Notation

The APIP Information Models are expressed using the standard 1EdTech representation in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Classes in this information model are classified into one of four types. These abstractions are bound to specific data structures for machine processing in the associated bindings. The abstract class types are:

· Unordered, Sequence, or Selection: A container class may be a parent of one or more child classes (the Parent/Child notation is used to indicate the nature of the relationship as distinct from inheritance i.e. this does not denote any form of inheritance). The ‘Unordered’ container does not require the order of the contained attributes to be maintained, the ‘Sequence’ container denotes information whose order must be maintained and the ‘Selection’ container denotes a selection of the contained attributes;

· Value: A value class shall not be a parent. That is, it shall not be a composite of container, value, or unspecified class types. A value class shall always be a child of a container class and shall have semantic value within the scope of its parent class’s semantic value;

· PrimitiveType: This is a class that is used to denote a basic data-type for the specification;

· Unspecified: An unspecified class may be a parent. An unspecified class serves as an extension point for this Information Model.

Table A1.1 lists the class and attribute descriptors used to describe the abstract classes and definitions of the descriptors.

Table A1.1 Class and attribute descriptors

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	The name given to the class being described.
Class type	The abstract class type of this class.
Data type	For value classes, the allowed structure for valid values for the class. Valid data types are: Boolean: The primitive, two-valued data type that uses the keywords “true” and “false” to indicate the logical state of an object. FileHref: This is the URI for a file. It has the same format as URI with a character length constraint of [1..4095]. HexBinary: This is a binary value coded in hexadecimal. The range supported is ‘00000000’ to ‘FFFFFFFF’. Integer: An integer. Language: This is the set of codes for language identification as defined by ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2 coupled with the country code as defined by ISO 3166-1 (creating a language code-country code format). LUID: A locally unique identifier (it may also be a globally unique identifier). It is a sequence of printable characters that does not contain carriage returns or tabs. There is no length constraint but the smallest permitted maximum to be supported is 4095 characters. LUIDRef: Reference to a LUID that is defined within the same scope as the LUIDRef i.e. if a LUIDRef is defined, the associated LUID must also exist in the same scope. NormalizedString: A sequence of printable characters that does not contain carriage returns or tabs. There is no length constraint. Time: This is a time value as defined by ISO 8601 in the format of hh:mm:ss where ‘hh’ is the hours, ‘mm’ the minutes and ‘ss’ the seconds. URI: Any syntactically valid instance of a URI as defined in RFC3986. Note: Many of the foundational Specifications, Standards, and Recommendations referred to by this Information Model use RFC2396 and RFC2732 as the definitions of URI. These are made obsolete by RFC3986, but many of the foundational documents have not been updated to reference RFC3986.
Value space	The range of valid values for this class. If the value space is unspecified, it is not known or is not important. This value space must be defined in terms of the associated data-type.
Multiplicity	A property of a class indicating the number of times it may be used or appear in a given parent context. The values of this property are expressed as a range or shorthand for a range using this notation: ‘0..1’ [optional; restricted] ‘0..unbounded’ [optional; unrestricted] ‘1..1’ [mandatory; restricted] ‘1..unbounded’ [mandatory; unrestricted] Multiplicities may also appear in short-hand notation in the UML models. The short-hand equivalents shall be (exclusive of bracketed comments): ‘’ [optional; unrestricted] ‘1’ [mandatory; restricted] ‘1..’ [mandatory; unrestricted] Where multiplicity is greater than one, the importance of the ordering of siblings is also indicated by appending either “,”ordered or “,” unordered. ordered specifies a sequence of siblings as listed, unordered specifies a collection or bag of siblings for which the order is not important. The default value is unordered.
Scope	The scope of the attribute is define as either: · ‘-‘ denotes local; · ‘+’ denotes global. The appropriate symbol precedes the name of the attribute.
Parents	Lists classes that may be parents of this class.
Children	Lists the set of attributes and associations of this class in the form “[” child “,” child “]”. One or more child classes may be expressed within square brackets. Each relationship in the list shall be separated by a comma. Where more than one child is listed, the importance of the ordering of siblings is also indicated by appending either “,”ordered* or “,” unordered. ordered specifies a sequence of siblings as listed. unordered specifies a collection or bag of sibling for which the order is not important. The default value is unordered.
Description	Contains descriptions relating to the class and its values space.

In general, this specification does not define the ways in which an end system must be realized. However, the required interoperability behavior requires that an end system have certain characteristics. The static properties of these characteristics are defined in this Section, including:

· When an attribute has a multiplicity of ‘1..1’, an end system must be capable of supporting one instance;

· When an attribute has a multiplicity of ‘1..*’, an end system must be capable of supporting at least one instance. The specification will also define the smallest permitted maximum number of instances that must also be supported by the end system;

· When an attribute has a multiplicity of ‘0..1’, an end system should support a single instance;

· When an attribute has a multiplicity of ‘0..*’, the specification will define the smallest permitted maximum number of instances that must also be supported by the end system.

About the Document

Title: 1EdTech Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP): Technical Specification for the QTIv2.1 Accessibility Features

Editors: Colin Smythe (1EdTech), Mark McKell (1EdTech) and Mike Russell (Measured Progress)

Co-chairs: Gary Driscoll (ETS), Thomas Hoffmann (Measured Progress) and Wayne Ostler (Pearson)

Version: 1.0

Version Date: 31 March 2014

Status: Final Specification

Summary: The aim of the APIP Project is to use well established e-learning interoperability standards to enable the exchange of accessible assessment content between computer-based assessment systems, tools and applications. Users of systems, tools and applications that adopt the APIP are able to use their accessible assessment content on a wide range of systems. This document contains the information model and binding description for the new features that extend the 1EdTech Question & Test Interoperability (QTI) v2.1 specification to support portable accessibility functionality for items and tests.

Revision Information: First release.

Purpose: This document is made available for adoption by the public community at large.

Document Location: http://www.imsglobal.org/apip/

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List of Contributors

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The following individuals contributed to the development of this document:

Rob Abel, 1EdTech (USA)	Justin Marks, NWEA (USA)
Michael Aumock, Pacific Metrics (USA)	Mark McKell, 1EdTech (USA)
Marty Christensen, ACT (USA)	Sue Milne, JISC (UK)
Jason Craft, Pearson (USA)	Wayne Ostler, Pearson (USA)
Gary Driscoll, ETS (USA)	Zack Pierce, Measured Progress (USA)
Eric Hansen, ETS (USA)	Michelle Richard, Pearson (USA)
Regina Hoag, ETS (USA)	Mike Russell, Measured Progress (USA)
Thomas Hoffmann, Measured Progress (USA)	Farhat Siddiqui, ETS (USA)
Wilbert Kraan, JISC (UK)	Colin Smythe, 1EdTech (UK)
Devin Loftis, McGraw-Hill/CTB (USA)	Wyatt VanderStucken, ETS (USA)

Revision History

Version No.	Release Date	Comments
Final Specification V1.0	31 March 2014	The Final Specification version of this document.

1EdTech Consortium, Inc. (“1EdTech”) is publishing the information contained in this document (“Specification”) for purposes of scientific, experimental, and scholarly collaboration only.

1EdTech makes no warranty or representation regarding the accuracy or completeness of the Specification.

This material is provided on an “As Is” and “As Available” basis.

The Specification is at all times subject to change and revision without notice.

It is your sole responsibility to evaluate the usefulness, accuracy, and completeness of the Specification as it relates to you.

1EdTech would appreciate receiving your comments and suggestions.

Please contact 1EdTech through our website at http://www.imsglobal.org.

Please refer to Document Name: 1EdTech APIP Technical Specification for QTIv2.1 Accessibility Features v1.0 Final Specification

Date: 31 March 2014